i, Lubbock on the Ancient Lake Habitations of Switzerland. 171 



and fit least two species of Oxen. The bones very seldom occur 

 in a natural condition, but those of domestic and wild animals 

 are mixed together, and the state in which they are found, the 

 marks of knives upon them, and their having been almost al- 

 ways broken open ibr the sake of the marrow, are all evidences 

 of human mterference. 



Two species, the one wild, the other domestic, are especially 

 numerous —the Stag and the Ox. The remains of these two 

 indeed equal those of all others together. It is, hovvever, inter- 

 esting, that in the older settlements, as Moosseedorf, Wauwyl, and 

 Robetihausen, (Lake Pfeffikon,) the Stag exceeds theOxinnum- 

 ber of specimens indicated, while the reverse is the case m the 

 more modern settlements of the western lakes, as, for instance, 

 those at Wangen and Meilen. 



. Next to those in order of abundance is the Hog. More spar- 

 ing again, and generally represented by single specimens where 

 the preceding occur by dozens, are the Roe, the Goat, and the 

 Sheep, which is most numerous in the latter settlements. With 

 these rank the Fox and the Martens. The Fox indeed, appears, 

 whether from choice or necessity, to have been eaten during the 

 Stone period. This conclusion is derived from the fact that the 

 bones often present the marks of knives, and have been opened 

 for the sake of the marrow. While, however, it is very frequent 

 III the Pileworks of the Stone epoch, it has not yet J^een found 

 in any settlement belonging to the bronze period. Oddly enough 

 the Bog is, at least in th? lake dwellings of the Stone period, 

 rarer than the Fox, though more common than the Horse or the 

 Ass ; and of other species but few specimens have been met with, 

 though, in some localities, the Beaver, the Badger, and Hedge- 

 hog appear in some numbers. , ^. , , 

 _,Tbe Bear and Wolf, as well as the Urus, the Bison, and the 

 Elk seem only to have occasionally been captured ; it is probable 

 that the latter species were taken in concealed pits. 

 ^ From the small lake at Moosseedorf, M. Riitimeyer has identi- 

 fied the following list :-0f the Dog, 3 specimens; Fox, 4 speci- 

 ^;ns; Beaver, 5 specimens; Roe, 6 specimens; Goat and Sheep 

 W specimens;' Cow, 16specimens; Hog, 20 specimens; Stag, 20 

 ^P«?cimens 



It is certainly very striking to find two wild species repre- 

 f^tedby the Jreates^t number of specimens, and particularly 

 ;Mince this is no exceptional case; but the -' i«|^;;^^^^^°^^^^^^^ 

 ^i^, exceeds that of the domesticated >nf 7^^^'^;=' .V';' fe" ^7i 

 t^er which is confirmed bv the other settlements of this epoch, 

 ^otoni, aoesthlindfcatL great antiquity but^^^^^^^^^^ 

 ^J^^tthe population must have been sometimes sub ectedo great 

 f iv^ations, not only from the necessary ""«*^^^^!"7f .rSf.ufd 



« obtained, but also because we cannot suppose that foxes ^vouid 

 ^^ve been eaten except under the pressure of hunger. 



