/. Lubbock on the Ancient Lake Habitations of Switzerland. 175 



Swine of India which agree closely with this race may perhaps 

 have been descended from it. 



Oar Domestic Hog first makes its appearance in the later Pile- 

 works, as for instance at Concise. M. Eiitimeyer does not, how- 

 ever, consider that it can have been derived from the Wild Boar 

 (Sas scrofa), nor does he think that it was tamed by the inhabi- 

 tants of Switzerland, but is rather disposed to look upon it as 

 having been introduced, and the more so, as he finds at Concise 

 traces of an Ox {B. irochoceros) which does not occur in the 

 earlier Pileworks. In considering whether a given animal was 

 wild or domesticated, we must be guided by the following con- 

 siderations; the number of individuals represented; the relative 

 proportions of young and old ; the absence or presence of very 

 old individuals, at least of species that served for food ; the traces 

 of long, though indirect, selection, in diminishing the size of any 

 natural weapons which might be injurious to man ; the direct 

 action of man daring the life of the animal ; and finally the text- 

 ire and condition of the bones. 



Applying these considerations to the Sus palustris from Moos- 

 seedorf, it is evident, firstly, that the argument derivable from the 

 nQmber of young specimens loses much of its force on account of 

 the great fertility of the Sow, and the ease with which the young 

 can be found and destroyed; secondly, in the number of indi- 

 viduals represented, it is equalled by the Stag, which certamly 

 ^SLS never domesticated ; thirdly, some bones of very old mdi- 

 viduals have been found and some of \erj young, even of un- 

 born pigs ; the smallness of the tusks is, according to M. Eiiti- 

 meyer, a characteristic of the race and not an evidence of domes- 

 tication ; the bones are of a firm and close texture, and the only 

 cases of decay have arisen from an extreme degradation of the 

 teeth, which would certainly be unlikely to occur in a domestic 

 animal. Finally, none of the teeth show traces of any filing or 

 ^ther preparation, except such as may have taken place after the 

 ^eath of the animal, from all of which reasons M. Eiitimeyer 

 ?nters that the inhabitants of Moosseedorf had not yet succeeded 

 in taming either the Sus scrofa palustris or the Sus scrofa ferus. 



^ ^i- Riitimeyer has paid great attention to the texture and con- 

 ^lonofthe bones themselves, and in many cases can from these 

 Jione distinguish the species, and even determine whether the 

 "one belonged to a wild or a domesticated animal. 

 ., ^n wild animals the bones are of a firmer and closer texture, 



^e.'-e.is an indiscribable, but to the accustomed eye very charac- 

 ^'"•stic, sculpturing of the external surface, produced by the 

 f arner and rnore numerous impressions of vessels and the greater 

 r°«ghness of the surfaces for the attachment of muscles There 

 Jf ^Jso an exaggeration of all projections and ridges, and a dinii- 

 ^^tion of all indifferent surfaces. In the consideration of the 



