J. Lubbock on the Ancient Lake Habitations of Switzerland, 183 



The lakes on which Pileworks of the Stone era have as yet 

 been found, are Constance, Zurich, Bienne, Neufchatel, Geneva, 

 Inkwyl, Nussbaumen, Pfeffikon, Moosseedorf, and Wauwyl. 

 Settlements of the Bronze period existed on the Lakes of Geneva, 

 Luissel, Neufchatel, Morat, Bienne, and Sempach, but none have 

 as yet been found on Lake Constance. It has been supposed 

 from this that the age of Stone lasted longer in Eastern than in 

 Western Switzerland, and that flint and serpentine were in use 

 on Lake Constance long after Bronze had replaced them on the 

 Western Lakes. We can hardly suppose that the inhabitants of 

 Inkwyl and Moosseedorf in Berne, who imported flint from 

 France, can have been ignorant of the neighboring civilization 

 on the Lake of Bienne. Perhaps, however, settlements of the 

 Bronze age may yet be found on the Lake of Constance ; but aa 

 the question now stands, Pileworks of the Metallic period are 

 peculiar to the Western and Central Switzerland. The con- 

 structions of the latter period are more solidly built, but do not 

 otherwise appear to have differed materially from those of the 

 Stone age. They are often, however, situated farther from the 

 land and in deeper water, partly no doubt on account of the 

 greater facility of working timber, but partly also, perhaps, be- 

 cause more protection was needed as the means of attack were 

 improved. The principal implements of Bronze are, swords, dag- 

 gers, axes, spearheads, knives, arrow beads, pins, and ornaments. 

 -Llie number of these weapons which have been discovered is al- 

 ready very great. 



From the settlement at Estavayer, in Lake Neufchatel, the fol- 

 lowing collection of bronze implements has been obtained :— 



Pins with large spherical and ornamented heads, 36; Pins withordin- 

 ^^y heads, 92; Knives, 26; Bracelets, 15; Sickles, 5 ; Axe, 1 ; Hook, 

 J; Chisel, 1; Small rings, 2Y; Buttons, 2; Dagger blade, 1 ; Arrow 

 J*^'H 1 ; Pieces of spiral wire, 6 ; making altogether, 214 objects of 

 bronze, ^ 



Again at Merges (Lake of Geneva) forty-two bronze hatchets 

 jnd thirteen pins have been found. From the Sternberg M. 

 ?chwab has obtained five hundred bronze hair-pins, besides other 

 instruments of the same metal. These are of the same type as 

 those found in other parts of Europe, and the swords are char- 

 !,c;-erized, as usual, by the small space allowed for the hand. 

 Ihey were, however, made in Switzerland, as is shown by the 

 Jiscovery at Merges of a mould for celts, and at Estavayer ol a 

 ''aroftin. 



^ The pottery of this period was more varied and more skillfully 

 J^ade than that of the Stone age, and the potter's wheel was al- 

 ^eady in ^se. Rings of earthenware are common, and appear 

 w have been used as supports for the round bottomed vases. 

 A^' neither copper nor tin occur in Switzerland, the possession of 



