On the Structure of the Brain in Man and Monkeys, 197 



feculties * The microceplials appear in this point of view to be 

 below all mammals and birds. The more idiotic can only repeat 

 like parrots some words they have often heard, and are not edu- 

 cable. When there is a certain amount of brain substance with 

 a formation of the normal gyrations then it will depend upon 

 edHcation whether the higher intelligence manifests itself or not. 

 It IS however in a limited sense that we say the greater size of 

 the cerebrum and richness of its gyrations run parallel with 

 intelligence, though on the whole the brains of known great men 

 stand generally at the top of the scale. 



[It will be seen that Wagner, though always remarking that 

 man is distinct from the Quadrumana, has not met the objections 

 of Huxley ; nor are we aware that Gratiolet has given any data 

 for clearing up the apparent inconsistency in separating man as 

 asub-cla«ss, upon the structure of his brain, from the quadrumanes, 

 W'Qile as great or greater differences exist among the genera of 

 that order. But while it would be interesting to know how far 

 toe brains of the prosimise are essentially identical with those 

 of the true simiae, the formation of the sub-class, Archencephala, 

 as coordinate to that of the Gyrencephala, does not seem to de- 

 pend on such an identity. For man may be so separated on 

 other grounds. On the distinction of mind, as is well known, 

 he has already been removed by some zoologists to a sep- 

 arate sub-kingdom or even declared not to be the subject of 

 zoologic classification. There being such strongly marked dis- 

 tinctions then, and these— the faculties of mind— being so closely 

 related to the cerebrum as their organ, a uniform variation 

 existing in this remarkably human organ would be sufficient, 

 !^ere there no other external distinctions, to characterize man 

 ^"ora the most anthropoid apes or really from the whole of the 

 l^yrencephala; thouo-h the same amount of variation could not 

 be used for separating the genera of an order in which this organ 

 and Its function are not a characteristic feature.f Not that this 

 organ is peculiar to man, but that it is emphasized in him, and 

 Jnat the high exercise of its function is one of his most marked 

 traits. As such, a variation and especially a variation m the 



j^* The following table 



The raea?uT^ Outang^ " 101 108 8^ 



*idu«5** 





