186 A. Gray—Forest Geography and Archeology. 
Keeping as nearly as possible to the same scale, we ma 
count the indigenous forest trees of all Europe at 33 pele and 
85 species. And those of the Japan-Manchurian region, of 
very much smaller geographical area, at 66 genera an 
species. I here include in it only Japan, Eastern Manchuria, 
and the ptreaneen borders of China The known species of 
trees must be rather roughly determined; but the numbers 
here given are not exaggerated, and are much more likely to 
be sensibly increased by further knowledge than are those of 
any of the other regions. Properly to estimate the surpassing 
richness of this Japan-Manchurian forest, the comparative 
smallness of geographical area must come in as an important 
tae ration 
mple ete the view, let it be noted that the — of 
shes pis 8 into coniferous and non-coniferous is, for 
European spager ote so 26 genera, 68 species, 
niferous, 7 SAT 
33 “ 85 “cs 
J apan-Manchurian non-coniferous, 47 genera, 123 species. 
coni iferous, 19 46 . 
66 *. 168 r 
In other words, a narrow region in Eastern Asia contains twice 
as many genera and about twice as many + is of indigenous 
trees as are possessed by all Europe; and as to coniferous trees, 
the former has more genera we the latter ey species, and over 
twice and a half as many speci 
The only question about the relation of these four forest 
tc Pls as to their component species, which we can here pause 
answer, is to what extent they contain trees of identical 
ethos If we took the shrubs, hare would be a small num- 
ber, if the herbs a very considerable number, of species common 
to the two New World and to the two Old World areas respect- 
ively, at least to their northern portions, even after excluding 
arctic- —~ plants. The same be said, in its degree, of 
the North European flora poiriared: with the Atlantic North 
American, of the Northeast Asiatic compared with the north- 
ae 
eC) 
oO 
2D 
5 
= 
HE 
5.6 
S 
Bp 
a) 
2 
= 
g4. 
BS 
% 
ff 
st 
5 
there is very little community of | ies. —— this is not abso- 
lutely wanting. The Red Ootay Oans 
