188 A. Gray—Forest Geography and Archeology. 
forms from Europe on the one hand, from Oregon and Cali- 
fornia on the other. Let me recall to mind the list of kinds 
(i. e. genera) of trees which enrich our Atlantic forest but are 
wanting to that of the Pacific. Now almost all these recur, in 
more or less similar but not identical species, in Japan, North 
China, etc. Some of them are likewise European, but more 
are not so. Extending the comparison to shrubs and herbs, it 
more and more appears, that the forms and types which we 
count as peculiar to our Atlantic region, when we compare 
them, as we first naturally do, with Europe and with our West, 
have their close counterparts in Japan and North China; some 
in identical species (especially among the herbs), often in 
strikingly similar ones, not rarely as sole species of peculiar 
genera or in related generic types. I wasa very young botanist 
to notice this; and I have from time to time 
made lists of such instances, Evidences of this remarkable 
like, shou in Eastern ery few of such iso 
lated types remain without counterparts. It is as if Nature, 
when she had enough species of a genus to round, dealt 
and the other to Japan, Manchuria, or the Himalayas; when 
she had only one, divided these between the two partners on the 
opposite side of the table. The result, as to the trees, is seen 
in these four diagrams. As to number of species generally, it 
cannot be said that Europe and Pacific North America are at 
all in arrears. But as to trees, either the contrasted regions 
have been exceptionally favored, or these have been hardly 
dealt with. There is, as I have intimated, some reason to adopt 
the latter alternative. 
We may take it for granted that the indigenous plants of any 
country, particularly the trees, have been scape 8 by climate. 
other, no tree could hold — as a member of any forest 
: to endure even the extremes 
of the climate of the region or station. But the character of 
the climate will not explain the remarkable paucity of the 
trees which compose the indigenous European forest. That is 
to justify the inference. Probably there is no tree of the 
northern temperate zone which will not flourish in some pa 
of Europe. Great Britain alone can grow double or treble the 
number of trees that the Atlantic States can. In all the latter 
