218 L. EF. Hicks— Waverly Group in Central Ohio. 
istic and important enough to merit a full description and a 
separate name. ey are well exposed at Granville, and we 
may for convenience designate them as the Granville beds, 
remembering that they are only a local modification of No. 4, 
or the next highest member of the Waverly group. Follow- 
ing is the section of these beds in descending order: 
No. 4d. Coarse sandstone and conglomerate__-- 3 to 18 feet. 
O46. Wacom Meyer 25.050 aie a a ne Te de 
“ 46, Compact drab sandstone (argillaceous).15 “ 21 “ 
« 4a, Shaly . re 60 “ 
. 
The upper member, No. 4d, thickens and grows coarse and 
pebbly eastward, and tapers to a knife-edge westward. Hence 
was at first disposed to regard it alone as the equivalent of 
the Black Hand conglomerate, and to suppose that the rest of 
the Granville beds dipped under that stratum. But careful 
measurements have shown that the bottom of the Granville 
weathers black by the oxidation of its manganese. The upper 
half is more friable than the lower, and falls to pieces in being 
removed ; the workmen in some quarries call it “ soapstone.” 
The lower half, “nigger-head,” requires blasting, being quite 
compact in the quarry, from which it has to be “stripped” to 
get at the next layer, No. 46; but it soon falis to pieces under 
the action of the elements and lays bare the rich treasures 0 
its molluscan fauna, which the quarrymen call “bugs” and 
“ butterflies.” 
This layer is so well defined and persistent that it furnishes a 
reliable means of determining the dip. This has been found to 
be on the average twenty-one feet ten inches per mile, nearly due 
: of being uniform, however, this general eastward 
slope is broken into small waves, which correspond to the greater 
ones in the Appalachian mountain system, both in direction 
and in having their western slope steeper than the eastern. 
(0. 4b is a fine-grained, easily t sandstone, extensively 
quarried at Newark and Granville. The shaly sandstone 
below it also thickens in some places into layers suitable for 
quarrying, but it is not reliable. 
