82 W. Upham—Terminal Moraines 
the latter belongs to atime when it halted and probably reiad- 
vanced, after a period of warmer climate had caused it to make’ 
a considerable retreat. In Ohio a belt of irregular drift-hills, 
which appears to be the second moraine, lies about seventy-five 
milés north from the boundary of glacial action, indicating a 
convergence of the two series toward the east. 
In the region traversed by the writer for the exploration of 
these hills, including Long Island, southern Rhode Island and 
Block Island, and southeastern Massachusetts, with the adja- 
cent islands of Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket, both of these 
terminal moraines are finely developed, lying five to thirty 
miles apart. e New Jersey series, marking the farthest 
limit reached by the ice-sheet, continues across Staten Island to 
the Narrows, and thence extends in a prominent range through 
the middle of Long Island* and its southern branch to Mon- 
tauk Point. A second series, probably contemporaneous with 
that of Wisconsin and Ohio, is found on the north side of this 
island, from Port Jefferson eastward to Orient Point, the 
extremity of its north branch, beyond which it forms Plum 
and Fisher’s Islands, and enters the State of Rhode Island at 
its southwest corner. Thence it is well shown at a distance of 
oné or two miles north from the shore nearly to Point Judith, 
where it apparently turns southward into the ocean. Twelve 
miles to the south the first range is again lifted into view in 
Block Island, a knot of very irregular drift-hills, which resem- 
ble those of Montauk. 
The sea covers the next thirty miles in the line of continua- 
tion of these series of hills, beyond which both of them rise 
above its waves again, the nort orming the line of the 
Elizabeth Islands, and bending to the northeast and north on 
the peninsula of Cape Cod to near North Sandwich, where it 
turns at a right angle, and thence runs along the west-to-east 
dae of the Cape and extends into the ocean at its east shore. 
he southern moraine forms No Man’s Land, the crest of Gay 
Head and prominent ranges of hills in the northwest part of 
Martha’s Vineyard, extending northeast nearly to Vineyard 
vi ere this series apparently bends to the southeast, 
somewhat as the northern range turns at North Sandwich, but 
it is covered beneath plains or the sea for much of the way 
beyond this point. It ap unmistakably, however, on 
sie age and Tuckernuck Islands, and in Saul’s Hills 
and Sankaty Head on Nantucket. 
The length of the southern moraine in its course from San- 
katy Head to No Man’s Land is miles, and its whole extent 
as yet traced, to the west line of New Jersey, is about three 
* This series of hills on Long Island was well described by Mather, in 1843, in 
the Geological Report of the First District of New York, p. 161, etc. 
