Chemistry and Physics. 141 
and 4°61, ZnCl, requiring 4°70. Ferric chloride, in a lead bath 
heated to the boiling point of sulphur (about 447° ) gave 11°14; 
and at 619°, 11°01, the formula Fe,Cl > requiring 11°28. At higher 
temperatures, even at 697°, both “ferric and aluminum chlorides 
lose chlorine-—Ber. Berl. Chem. Ges., xii, 1195, June, sige 
3. On Lead tetrachloride.—Fisuer has given a eee 
mental evidence to prove the existence of a tetrachloride of lead. 
When lead dioxide is acted on by moderately strong ea paares 
ric acid, a yellow solution is obtained having a strong odor of 
chlorine, and easily decomposed by heat, evolving chlorine and 
depositing  gobapoe lead chloride. Alkalies and alkali carbo- 
nates, as well as earthy oxides and ape gee a ghee ene 
Semneiae as also . weak acids as ones and b If no ess 
of hydrochloric acid is used, simple dilution with water ptente 
tates the dioxide. For the analysis, lead dioxide was cautiously 
added to twice its weight of hydrochloric acid previously diluted 
with an equal volume of water. After a few minutes, the yellow 
solution was poured off from the sak ay Hoag lead’ dichloride. 
Twenty c. c. of this solution was allowed to flow into a solution of 
sodium acetate, producing a Bat BP - lead Sosa Twenty 
c. ¢. was also poder buane a definite volume of ferrous sulphate of 
known strength, i The former mixture was then filtered 
into a Woulle 8 bottle, the lead dioxide on the filter washed, dried, 
ignited and weighed. The latter solution was titrated with per- 
manganate, the wee peing estimated from the amount of the 
ferrous salt oxidiz Assuming the analytical reactions to 
be PbCl,+ (H,0), PbO, + (HC), and PbCl—PbCl,+Cl,, it is 
evident that the lead obtained b y the first of the above processes 
stands to the chlorine obtained = abe second as 1:2 atoms. The 
exptmiontal ratios obtained were 1: 1°97, 1: 2°08, 1: 1°98, and 
1:96, in several experiments; thus jee no doubt that the 
yellow solution examined contained a sy RR oF . ou and chlo- 
rine in the proportion of one lead to four chlori 
rine gas is passed through a solution containing lead ¢ ae in 
suspension. The facility of this conversion into peroxide in pres- 
ence of sodium acetate leads the author to propose it as a quan- 
titative method, using bromine in place of chlorine.— Sipe 
0C., XXXV, 282, "June, 1879. G. F. B. 
4, On the New Element, aes aE ak new Saas. scan- 
dium, discovered by Nilson, was obtained from a specimen of the 
yiterbia of Marignac, prepared from both LAER ES: and euxenite. 
order to ascertain BS tat Be pew, element exists in both 
minerals, or in only one of them, Cive, engaged in the 
investigation of the olinite Berg at the same time with 
Nilson, examined these especially for the new metal, and found, a 
