198 W. Upham—Terminal Moraines 
these plains are indented by numerous ponds, which are only 
separated from the ocean by a beach, and the shores of the 
ponds are again indented by long and narrow arms or coves, 
from the head of which dry channels, similar to those described 
on Long Island, extend across the plains in a northerly course. 
The road from West Tisbury to Edgartown crosses several of 
these depressions, one of which, known as Quampachy Hollow, 
may be taken as an example. This starts from the head of 
Oyster Pond, a narrow arm of the sea, which stretches two 
miles north from the beach by which it is now shut in. The 
dry hollow, diminishing from twenty-five to ten feet in depth, 
and from 300 to 100 feet in width, prolongs this valley at least 
three miles to the north. Near Vineyard Haven and Oak 
Bluffs, north of these plains, and on Chappaquiddick Island, 
the modified drift, sometimes sprinkled with bowlders, is heaped 
in gently sloping hills, 50 to 100 feet high, which appear to 
have been formed at the margin of the ice-sheet. 
Thence the line of terminal moraine is continued in Muske- 
get and Gravelly Islands, which however are only low banks 
of gravel and sand. On 'luckernuck Island it appears again in 
small hills, which in part are unstratified, with plenty of bow!- 
ders, the remainder being modified drift. Nantucket is com- 
posed almost wholly of stratified gravel and sand. The line at 
which the ice-sheet appears to have terminated is marked in 
the west part of this island by gently undulating hills, forty to 
fiftv feet high, composed of stratified drift, which, however, 
differs from that of the plains on the south in having here and 
there bowlders up to ten feet in diameter embedded in it or 
lying on the surface. The course of this line is from Eel Point, 
north of Maddequet Harbor, by Trot's Hills to the town. 
Eastward it continues on the same course in the Shawkemo and 
Saul’s Hills to Sankaty Head.. The portion of this series called 
Saul’s Hills, two miles long and a half mile wide, is of very 
irregular contour, with steep and abruptly changing slopes, 
forming hills, ridges, outs and small enclosed basins, some: 
of which contain ponds. The material is stratified gravel an 
sand, upon and in which are scattered bowlders, varying up to 
ten feet in diameter. 
ous gravel and sand, with abundant shells, two feet; a of 
_*The Post-pliocene beds at the base of this section, and their fossils, are 
described by Professor A. E. Verrill and Mr. §. H. Scudder, in this Journal, IU, 
vol. x, pp. 364-375, ; : 
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