356° 0. C. Marsh—History and Methods of 
ae ao ee 
lants at the present day has been greatly improved by the 
acts brought out in regard to the former distribution of life 
on the globe 
. 
orders, among the different classes, is interesting, as they 
are mainly confined to the higher groups. Among the fossil ' 
h 
orms three new orders: the Saurure, represented by Arche 
opteryz; the Odontotorme, with Jchthyornis as the type; and 
the Odontolez, based upon Hesperornis; all ic 
being included in the sub-class Odontornithes, or toothed birds. 
Among Mammals, the new groups regarded as orders are the 
Toxodontia, and the Dinocerata, among the Ungulates; and 
the Tillodontia, including strange Eocene Mammals whose 
Among the important results in vertebrate palseontology, at 
the genealogies, made out with considerable probability, for 
various existing animals. Many of the larger mammals have 
been traced back through allied forms in a closely connected 
series to early Te times. In several cases the series af@ 
example, is to-day demonstrated by the specimens now know? 
The demonstration in one case stands for all. The evidence 
_ favor of the 
