28 G. EF. Belknap—Under-water Oceanic Temperature. 
from 20° F. to 28° F.; temperatures manifestly impossible. 
There can be no doubt, however, of the existence of the cold 
stratum described above, as no temperature was recorded until 
repeated observations with different thermometers confirmed its 
accuracy. 
the coldest surface water was found alone the Kurile Islands, 
between the parallels of 45° and 47 ° north latitude. The tem- 
there, though the range of latitude traversed was nearly eight 
egrees higher. The current in that locality was found to be 
setting in a southerly direction, and undoubtedly pouring out 
k. 
e surface temperatures along the Aleutian Islands show 
considerable variation, both in the Pacific and in Behrino’s Sea, 
doubtless attributable to tidal influences, the direction of the 
wind, and the meeting of different currents. 
In passing from Behring’s Sea to the Pacific, through Onni- 
mak Pass, on the morning of the 17th of August, the surface 
temperature rose seven degrees in one hour, some five to seven 
miles inside of the Pass, the current at the time setting with 
moderate strength into the sea. 
The lowest surface temperature along the Kurile group was 
36°-4 F.; along the Aleutian Islands the surface temperatures 
ranged from 41°-6 F. to 49° F. and along the continuation of 
the line, across the Gulf of Alaska, to Cape Flattery, the range 
of temperature was found to be from 50° F. to 59° F., indica- 
ting in the most unmistakable manner the influence of that 
