Miscellaneous Intelligence. 237 
to protoplasm? On the one hand we have chlorophyl, owing its 
very existence to light, and whose functions are deoxidizing; 
solar rays are not only non-essential, but even devitalizing and 
injurious. 
This suggestion we advance provisionally and with diffidence ; 
nor do we wish to imply that the relations of light to protoplasmic 
matter are by any means so simple as might be inferred from the 
above broad statement. 
To this the following is added by the authors as the inference 
from other experiments described in a postscript. 
This remarkable fact, then, appears to follow as a deduction, 
that a vacuum (or approximation to such) which of itself is a 
condition antagonistic to the development of Bacteria, neverthe- 
4. Expenditures for Universities in Germany.—Some inter- 
esting details, on the contributions of the State to the univer- 
sities, as well as on other points, were given in a recent num- 
ber of the Academy by Professor ie. Lankester :— 
erman States on the twenty 
from fees) of a professor in a German university ran es from” 
£100 to £600 a year. Asa rule, at the age of five-and-thirty, a 
man in this career may (in Germany) cc 
come of £400 a year (with retiring pension). The expenditure 
on attendants, libraries, laboratories and officials may be caleu- 
lated as being (in a well-conducted university) more than equal 
average German professorial stipend at only £200 a year, we find 
teen universities in this 
“In order to equip and carry on pee age ting ae 
e 
country which should bear comparison w 
* We wish, however, to make it clear that we by no means insist on this ex- 
ion; the i admit of other explanations. 
tie, We presume professors strictly so-called, exclusive of “ privat-docenten.” 
