4 E. Loomis— Observations of the U. S. Signal Service. 
column 4th the longitude of the center of the lowest isobar for 
the date mentioned in column 2d, and column Sth shows the — 
amount of the lowest isobar. As the isobars are drawn at 
intervals of five millimeters, it is probable that at the center of 
the low area the pressure was frequently as low as 745 m. (293 
inches), and sometimes lower. Column 6th shows the latitude 
in which the central path of the low area crossed the meridian 
of 60° W. from Paris, and column 7th shows the lowest isobar 
umn 9th shows the lowest isobar for that position; column 
Paris; and column 13th shows the average velocity of the cen- 
ter in its course between these two meridians. This average is 
obtained by supposing the center to have followed the are of a 
great circle, and takes no account of the actual irregularities of 
its course. Column 14th shows the highest wind reported on 
the English coast at the time the low center was nearest. These 
winds are estimated upon a scale from 1 to 6, where 1 denotes 
a light breeze; 2 a fresh breeze; 8 very fresh; 4 a hard wind; 
5 a gale, and 6 denotes a hurricane. The velocities given in 
column 14th are the highest velocities reported anywhere near — 
the coast of England, but do not include Scotland. If Scot- 
land had been included, the velocities in some cases would have 
been greater. Column 15th shows the direction of the wind — 
- corresponding to the velocity in column 14th. Sometimes at 
several stations the same velocity was reported, but with dit 
ferent directions, The direction given in column 15th is the 
one which occurs most frequently for the given date and 
velocity. 
We see from this table that in one year there are on an ave- 
rage ee eighteen different storms which can be traced by 
across the ocean, is shown by the means at the bottom of the 
table, where it is seen that the meridians of 60°, 30° and 0°, 
Hoffmeyer’s charts from the coast of the United — 
