256 Scientifie Intelligence. 
their real character and history, to the sufficient microscope, and 
the patient skill of Dr. Minks; who has thus shown that the lich- 
enologists are quite right, and that the gonidium is plainly a 
modification of the one (ideal) lichen-cell, in the distinction of 
these two appears, except in size or color; and they 
in their earliest conditions, we have finally to say, every modifica- 
tion whatever of the lichen-cell, which thus bears witness every- 
where (to the sufficiently armed and instructed eye) to its natural 
autonomy. 
Owing in part to the peculiar texture of the lichen he had in. 
hand, Dr. Minks, whose observations were made with a power of 
about 1250 diameters, laid much stress on the preparation of his 
material with liquor potasse and sulphuric acid ; but Dr. Miller 
of Geneva, who has repeated the observations of Minks, and with 
nd 
side, in the cortical cells, in the medullary cells, in the paraphyses, 
the young thekes, the spores, the basidia, and the sperma 
_ After many unsatisfactory attempts, with dry objectives, and 
inferior powers, but with some attention to chemical preparation 
S. 
P 
I need not say, best of all in Tolles’s admirable ;'; and 3',- ae 
observations have all been repeated by my friend Mr. Stodder, 
with similar results, and I owe entirely to him the manipulation 
of the two objectives of highest power. . 
I have only then most heartily to commend to botanists iter 
ested, the forthcoming treatise of Dr. Minks, which may 000 _ 
expected to a , H, TUCKERMAN: 
3. Etudes Phycologiques, by M. Gusrave THuret k 
ovARD Borner. Fol. Paris, 1878.—This magnificent Wr 
surpasses anything which has ever been published relating to 
