848 W. A. Norton—Force of Effective Molecular Action. 
tance. This effective repulsion, operating beyond the sphere 
of the effective attraction, manifests itself as a force of resist- 
ance in the contact of bodies. A glance at the curves, (a), (0), 
(c) in fig. 2, will show that the neutral distance, Oa, (see type 
gt 
k increases. The maximum attractive ordinate increases, in 
terms of p, as & increases, but the maximum repulsive ordi- 
nate augments as & diminishes. 
2. 
The special calculations I have made answer to various as- 
sumed values of the ratio k, ranging from 0 to 20, _I find that 
when this ratio exceeds 4-934, the effective force will be attrac- 
tive over a certain range of distance, and thus that a portion ©. 
the representative curve will lie above the axis z, as in the curves 
shown in fig. 2; and that when this ratio is less than 4934, the 
effective action will be repulsive at all molecular distances, and 
therefore that the curve will lie wholly below the axis, x, as 1n 
fig. 3. We must, therefore, conclude that for all solids and 
liquids, & must exceed 4-934. 
The ig oe of the pulses of heat by the pees oie’ envel- 
curve of effective molecular action. When by 
access of heat, this ratio is brought to a certain small value 
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