W. A. Norton—Force of Effective Molecular Action. 441 
Diffusion of Gases.—The law of variation of the molecular 
repulsion, at the distances between gaseous molecules, given 
by equ. (1), leads to the result that if one layer of such mole- 
cules moves over another, so that those on one — of the — 
plane will supervene, which will operate to diffase each set of 
case, and the resistances in operation, are duly considered, the 
diffusion thus originating should conform to the known laws of 
diffusion; as that the velocity of diffusion of the indisideg 
molecules is inversely proportional to the square root of t 
molecular weights, &. The force of diffusion of liquid filet 
cules has a similar origin. Upon this view the force of diffusion 
is incidental to the inevitable internal agitations occurring in 
uid masses; and may be brought into more lively action by 
artificial disturbances. The molecular repulsive or heat energy 
consumed in such effects is restored to them ass by the subsi- 
dence of the individual movements, porpetnally reculring. 
Comparison of the present with the kinetic theory of gases ses.—The 
theory of gases which has now been deduced from the general 
ration is, upon the one view, the translatory wave movements 
and atomic vibrations of the interstitial ether and ethereal 
atmospheres of the molecules, and upon the other, the move- 
ments of translation of the molecules pp die ihe. and the 
_— of their constituent ies The doctrine of Energy, 
one of the two theories is abundantly evident from the 
fact that with equa. (1) an expression for the elastic pressure of 
a gas may be obtained that is a counterpart of that given by the 
equation of Clausius, viz: =2T—3225Rr. This may be 
inferred from the general consideration that the impulses upon 
any point, O, of the enclosure, of an ethereal wave in which the 
velocity of the radial pulsation 
u, and then decreases to zero, is analogous to the impulse of a 
~~ molecule whose velocity, u’ is reduced to zero, and then 
estored in the recoil—the ethereal nace and the gaseous 
soliesie. alike impinging on the point from every variety of 
direction. To show it corelanvely. let it re borne in mind that 
the central atoms of the molecules of the gas may, for each point 
O, of the enclosure, be conceived to be uniformly distributed 
over the surface of a Secsiephors described around this point, so 
