III. Botany and Zoology. 



1. Phcenological observations in Oiessen ; by H. Hoffmann. 

 {Phdn>logische Beobachtnngen in Giessen, von H. Hoffmann.) 

 — We do not know any single English word for the kind of obser- 

 vations here recorded, and therefore we shall adopt that which 

 our author has borrowed from Greek, This pamphlet of ^2 pages 

 gives the date when the leaf and flower-buds of over two hundred 

 plants opened; the fall of the blossom; the ripening of the fruit, 

 and the fall of the leaves. The observations in some cases ex- 

 tend through twenty years or more. The author has also 

 noted the dates of the appearance of butterflies, birds, etc. The 

 author submits his work as a contribution to the store of facts re- 

 quired by the student of vegetable climatology, but does not 

 give any conclusions of his own except the following : 



In the case of plants in a given locality, the average of a few 

 years is very nearly the same as the average of many, e. g. : 



"" " " • 'the 



Average 

 Geranium sylvaticum, 

 Tnticum vulgare, 





of 8 years, 

 20^May, 



of 13 years. 

 19 May. 



Helianthus annuus 







of 15 years, 

 26 June, 



of 21 years. 

 25 June. 



Primula elatior. 







of 9 years, 

 25 March, 



25 March.' 



1 only one of the cases collated is there to be 

 nee of more than one day. 

 Prunus avium, averao-e n? fi T-pnrR 



observed a d 

 23 April. 





;; 



91 



:; 



- ^^ " 



2. Bulletin of the Bussey Institution^ Harvard JJnimrsity. 

 Part V. 1876.*-This finishes the first volume, of 453 pages, 

 and is therefore properly supplemented by a copious index. In 

 articles No. 18, 19, and 20, Prof. Storer continues his valuable 

 and practical chemical papers — the notice of which we leave to 

 another hand. Papers No. 21 to 24 are by Prof. W. G. Farlow, 

 as follows : 



On a Disease of Olive and Orange Trees occurring in Cah- 

 fornia in the spring and summer of 1875.— It proves to be the 

 work of a fungus, Fumago salicina, which has been known and 

 given trouble in Europe since the year 1829. In an excellent 

 plate Prof Farlow represents the stylospores, mycelium, pycnidia, 

 and conidia. 



On the American Grape- Vine Mildew.— \i appears that the 

 Oidiwn Tuckeri, which has been so disastrous to the vines ot 



