262 J. S. Diller—Westfield during the Champlain Period. 



zinc and copper taken. If the solution is too strong, nitrogen 

 dioxide is evolved, and if the amount of zinc and copper be 



it, the reduction is incomplete." It is evident that 

 the process needs further study to define the conditions of its 

 succ tisful employment. 



In contrast with the above results I instance three estima- 



t rogen made by Bunsen's method,* on the same sample 

 of potassium nitrate and with aid of the same standaj 

 metrical solutions as were employed in the experiments just de- 

 scribed. In Bunsen's method the reduction is effected in the 



presence of 250 or 300 c. c. of water and excess of 

 otash by zinc-iron couples, prepared by twisting to- 

 gether sheets of the two metals. 



The time of reduction in the first trial was twelve, in the 

 others thirty, hours. After these times, the ammonia was dis- 

 tilled into the standard acid. The results were as follows : 



»...., l - 2 - 3. Theory. 



Nitrate taken, 0-4593 0-3374 0-2651 



Nitrogen found, 13-29 p. c. 1349 p. c. 13-25 p. c. 13-84 



The results fall short, it is seen, from 0'35 to 0'60 per cent 

 cknowledgments are due to Mr. E. H. Jenkins, for 

 "i in these trials. 



Art. XXX.— Westfield during the Champlain Period: by J. S. 

 Diller, of Westfield, Massachusetts. 



Westfield, Massachusetts, is nine miles west of Springfield, 

 and six miles north of the Connecticut State line, in a valley 

 cut off from the western part of the Connecticut valley by the 

 ijivide Kange (the trap ridge extending south from Mount Tom). 

 1 he village of Westfield is situated between Westfield Ei ver and 

 Westfield Little Eiver. These rivers flow eastward, across the 

 valley and after uniting a mile east of the village, their waters 



"V 1 ?? Dlvide Rai, S e int0 the Connecticut Eiver 

 below Springfield. 



The region contains three extensive plains. Hampton Plain, 

 v?nZ ir V e y Ha ™P deT1 Pond ^ four miles northeast of the 

 village, extends south to the Westfield Eiver. Avenue Plain 

 from the mountains west of Westfield, east between 

 me two rivers to the village. Poverty Plain begins south 

 the taTS"" 1 6 ii tendS 5° Uth ^ the Southwick Ponds into 

 Dart of t^l & Q VallG £ • Stratified de P osit * ^ the northern 

 Kml^T'; P1 £ m ' near Ha ™P d en Ponds, are 286 feet 

 above mean sea-level. From this place the plain slopes south 



