radical theory up to the time of Kolbe's modification of this theory, 

 and the hypothesis of copulation, the further development by 

 oi the radical theory in accordance with the ot<>„,;,<tl> 

 conception of combination, the typical theory and the copulated 

 compounds, the development of atomistic views of con 

 by the typici>:>. and the present modes of interpreting the copu- 

 lated compounds. At the close a chapter is added describing 

 '"■" "y the discovery m.,1 the eharacter of the different classes of the 

 compounds, and more especially those of the 

 ids, their formation out of different groups of organic 

 number of sulph .-substitutions, their modes of forma- 

 tion, their metamorphoses through modifications of the inorganic 

 group, and their de, 



the inorganic compound parts. In connection with this chapter 



some points of theoretic interest, such as the constitution of sal- 



■hi, Kolbe's prognosis of sulpho-alcohols and aldehydes, 



iently discussed in the main body 



ot the work, are taken up. 



Alter discussing the older modes of interpreting the sulpho- 

 were, from the insufficient data, necessarily 

 led to give any systematic explanation of the 

 action of H 2 S0 4 upon organic bodies, the compounds being vari- 

 - of organic bases with - 

 - 

 theory of copulation, which was largely owing to the study of 

 -. the author next treats "of" the development of the 

 eonception of combination by Kolbe and Frankland in 

 the sixth decade, maintaining that ue'find lure the first satisfac- 

 tory explanation of the constitution of the copulated sulphur com- 

 pounds and the first conception of the sexivalence and conse- 

 ibte atomicity of sulphur. The reasons for Kolbe's 

 oi tic constitution c ,f these bodies, as compounds of 

 laving exerted so little influence, and of his. 

 ' ving established the hexavalence of e 



ng been so generally ( 



■rlooked 



» ' "' ^ould not express his own views of chemical combination. 



ch showed that his conception of atomicity, though 



broadly stated, was not denned with sufficient sharpness and 



typical theory' in its relations to the 

 npounds, which is the subject next mated. 

 ader is directed to the influence of G 



- of the sulphochlorides and amid, - 

 tiotmanns preparation of numerous disuli 



' : " --—■-..,..,. ..... ,,., .,;, : .-.; -.:■■>- 



I" " -' - ■•'■■ ' •■■■ • 1 -. ! . •- . --_:-.-"■:.,■ ' - ■ 



SSSS^sn'^M" 1 ')- '"' tlu ' ^"'-'""tioii of H in the organic 

 radical by S0 2 , Mendius' view of the typical formula as an ex- 



