188 J.P. Lesley on the Coal-measures of Cape Breton, ] 
The chief objections to the hypothesis above sustained will 
come (1) from the absence of any general representative for the 
Millstone grit or Great Basal conglomerate of the True Coal- 
measures; (2) from the sub-position of Divisions 7 and 8, 2308 
feet of sands, pebble-rocks, and limestones; and (3) from the 
presence at a still lower depth of what seems to be the genuine, 
massive, Subcarboniferous limestone. To break the full force of 
these objections, I can only remark, (1) that the Pictou coal-basin 
has a massive conglomerate under its productive Coal-measures, 
while elsewhere no one formation of the whole Palzeozoic Sys- 
Pennsylvania are overlaid by limestones with Subcarboniferous a 
fossils, the connection, as to limestone, is entirely cut away be — 
tween them and the Nova Scotia deposits, so that the massive — 
lower level. This argument is rendered all the more forcible 
by the fact that gypsum is unknown in the United States, ex 
cept in one or two anomalous positions, apparently connected 
with the Lower Silurian limestones, and in the closed basin of 
Michigan. a 
Beneath the red shale Formation No. XI, we have, in the 
southeastern ranges of the Appalachians, nearly three miles’ 
thickness of sedimentary deposits, separable everywhere into 
three great formations: No. X, white sandstone, 2000 feet, No 
IX, red sandstone, 5000 feet, No. VIII, green and olive — 
and very irre stones 0 
: ea pest - 5 oo th fracture, verandah 
_ ted with small red dots of peroxyd of iron. a 
not too much to say that a geologist well accustomed to 
formations, along their great Appalac’ ian belts of moun 
