A. Wing's Discoveries in Vermont Geology. 337 



found to be true. The true Red Sand-rock, existing more espe- 

 i -ially in the northern half of Vermont, toward Lake Champlain, 

 has been shown through its fossils, since the Vermont Report was 

 jMi'-li-hcl, to be Primordial. And, by recent discoveries also, it 

 has been proved that the Primordial of Northern Vermont inclndefl 

 an extensive formation of clay-slate — the Georgia slates — and a 

 red or reddish m..ttlc 1 limestone, extending from Canada south- 

 ward to Burlington, and in some parts fossiliferous, called the 

 Winooski limestone. These facts need to be kept in mind wli.n 

 *' id\in- tin metamorphierorksof Central and Southern Vermont 

 and Mr. Wing's views about them. 



2. West Rutland Valley. 



The "West Rutland, limestone valley, famous for its marble 

 is situated four and a half miles to the west of the 

 city of Rutland. It is separated from the wider limestone 

 band of central Vermont, in which the city of Rutland is situ- 

 ated, by three north-and-south ranges of rock ; the first, going 

 west, occurring at Rutland Center (C on map), consists, at the 

 Falls, of quartzyte and an underlying black glossv argillyte, 

 dipping to the southeastward 10° to 20° ; the second, is a nar- 

 row north-and-south strip of crystalline limestone ; the third a 

 narrow north-and-south ridge of black slate, closely resembling 

 that at Rutland Center, and like it in the general direction of 

 its dip, though varying much in the amount of dip and in the 

 strike. This last ridge of black slate makes the eastern 

 boundary of the West Rutland limestone valley, while the 

 slopes of the "great central belt of slate" constitute the west- 

 ern boundary. The rock of these latter slopes is a greenish 

 hydro-mica slate somewhat chloritic. 



The limestone of West Rutland valley has a width across of 

 about a mile. It has throughout a high eastward dip— vary- 

 ing between 40° and 70° ; and the slates on the west, as well as 

 those on the east, have a corresponding eastward dip. Accord- 

 ing to Mr. Wing, this band of limestone does not connect on 

 the north with the great central limestone area of Vermont, as 

 the map of the Vermont Geological Report and also Plate vin 

 represent, but runs out in that direction before reaching the 

 pond in southern Pittsford, through the union of the slate 

 area of the east with the area on the west. 



As first discovered by Mr. Wing, this band of limestone con- 

 tains fossils on both its eastern and western borders, and also 

 along its center. The marble quarries are situated on bands 

 °f highly crystalline white and clouded limestone between the 

 is borders and the center. The position is shown 



are the slates of the two sid 



belts of grayish fossiliferous 



