350 Trumbull and Gray—Helianthus tuberosum. 



Pv Laurenberg, Apparal. plant. (Eostock, 1632), names the 

 species. "A<lcnt\- C<i,imh,^<s or FIik Soli- / indnhwus." Ant, 

 \ lilor //,„ //« // /, />,/, lH<5.-» (i.-citcl \ J", i ninuix ^ th 

 names •' Canada and Arlt'.->chol:i sub terra. ' and " Canada*." and 

 describes, also, "Helenium Canadense altissimum, Fosacon 

 dictum," which Tourneiort distinguishes as u Corona Solis 

 rapuhculi radice" (Inst. Herb. 490). and which became //. 

 straniosHs L, " Vosacan," by the way, is a French fashion of 

 writing the Algonkin word wassahone or wassahivdn. which 

 moans a • ! -right yellow flower.' The modern Chippeways give 

 this name to the flowers of the pumpkin and squash. 



Under whatever name- the Jeroi a desjeribed, 



there seems to have been a general agreement among European 

 botanists that it came from Canada. F. Schuyl, fatal. 8mH 

 Lugd. Bat. (Heidelberg, 1672), varies the specific name to 

 "Chrysanthemum Canadense Arumositm." P. Amman, Chamc. 

 Plant. Xat. (1676), has "Helenium Canadense." 



It was introduced to England about 1617. In that year. Mr. 

 John Goodyer, of Maple Durham, Hampshire, "received two 

 small roots thereof, from Mr. Franquevill of London," which 

 were planted, and enabled him, before 1621, to "store Hamp- 

 shire." He wrote an account of the plant, under date of Octo- 

 ber 17, 1621, for T. Johnson— who printed it in his edition of 

 Gerard, 1636 (p. 753). Before this the species had been figured 

 and described by J. Pai 1 u-ou. m l'a,ad w^ /; , s/m (London, 

 1629), as "Battatas de Canada" and in his Theater of Plants, 

 1640 (p. 1383), he has the figure- > e i on with 

 description, under the names "Battatas de Ca a< a, th< kreii< i 

 Battatas, or Hierusalem Artichoke." Johnson, in Gerard (p. 

 753), refers to Parkinson's description, and oiv«- the name as 

 "Flo< Solis Pvrai ■hoke." It already 



grew "well and plentifully in many parts of England." 



The notices by early voyagers, of ground-nuts, eaten by the 

 Indians, are generally so brief and "so vaaue, that it is riot 

 easy to distinguish the three or four species mentioned under 

 that Damp or its equivalents. The Solatium tnU-m.ni.in, .<i ,io " 

 tnh-rnsa, Araiai t, /,,/;,>. nl a (\, ,n- virliraUiti/x ? ) wen aU 

 "ground nuts," or '"earth nuts." We find, however, in a few 

 instances, unmistakable mention of the roots alreadv known in 

 Europe as "Canadian." 



Brereton, in his account of Gosnold's voyage to New Eng- 

 land in 1602, notes the "great store of -round nuts" found on 

 •all the Elizabeth Islands. They grow "forty together on a 

 - h ; -as a hen's ... " d'.uvluK iv, 16'>1>- 

 These, doubtless, were the roots ot Ajuo, tnUm.u. But when 

 3 in the same region, 

 he observed that the " Almouchiquois " Indians near Point 



