474 Scientific TnU-Uiy „<-. 



over a whole continent at a given period of time. From the Car- 

 boniferous to the Miocene inclusive the same relation is remarked 

 in the plants of the continent, of Europe, and so far as the floras 

 are known, in that of America from the 40th to the 80th 

 degrees of latitude. In tracing analogous or identical types from 

 tin Carboniferous k>ra of Portugal, from the Jurassic 



i Italy, to those of the same form 

 Greenland and Spitzbergen, we can derive reliable conclusions in 

 regard to the charact . - ot tin vegetation of these epochs over 

 the whole northern i i « ■ i : i i - j 1 1 n re, i, not over the whole world. 



Of the deseii] l n-. ot tin mi h-s <> il «-< dm ,--:< pi n ts ii tit 

 fourth volume of the Arctic Flora, of the perfection of the figures 

 with which they are illustrated, it is not possible to m 

 too high commendation. The more common types, that of the 

 (rinkf/o, of the BaienK while especially represented by numer- 

 ous figures, are restored in theii ; ;rs. Anew 

 genu-. C.v/v, tmrskii ', related i a, lias two 

 species exposed in their different organs by two full plates oi 



figures. JiUii ,:i tomjifoli.l. (i'.nl.'jn ,/l ' / ,V ',; I :\Y U J ,|Vm ill ■, d ,Oh 



leaves, tl u - an 1 I'rui s, tli fructifi tioi oi tin (iinh /o i» i ig 

 very similar to the small C<ir>i;<>i-nr}»i8 of the Coal. One of its 

 species, Podoz<unite* lart<-<-ol«t)tx is, in its leaves, remarkably simi- 

 lar to the one described as I'ti.-rojtln/U.Hiii / Iln/J<.„;i in the Cre- 

 taceous flora of Nebraska. 



A few vegetable remains of the Cretaceous of Cape Staratschio, 

 already mostly known as deseril>ed in a former volume, constiiuti 

 the third ear:, a very short one, of three pages and half a plate 



The fourth part is a supplementary description of seventy- 

 one .Miocene spech - Irzberg* a : 

 Cape Lyell, the Scott Ulucier, and Cape Hei-r. The relation 

 between' the plants of these localities is indicated by a com- 

 :r being common to 

 Cape Lyell and Scott Glacier, and seven found also at Cape 

 Heer, which has only fifteen species for its flora. Considering 

 the whole group altogether we find it related to the Greenland 

 Miocene flora by twenty species, to that of Alaska and Sitka bv 

 eleven, five of which are also present in Greenland; to that of 

 twenty-one, and to that of the Upper Lignitic of the 

 Ii ck\ M'ouni . is. the < arbon and tin- Green liiver groups, by 

 seven. This relation is more than sufficiently close to prove con- 

 temporaniety of the formation, even with the North American 

 Mi « ■ , : ! ■. iu'h th ■ mm; ». i of identn d si»« i i« - ma\ ipp< n sin 11. 

 It is even more evident than with, the European Miocene ; tor t he 

 Tertiary flora of this last continent is now known by more than 

 duding even th ■ Lower I.i-nitic 

 know seam i\ as man; hundrc ! from the North Amer- 

 s. Therefore the conclusions taken in 

 ■ : ■ ■ 

 floras are valid in the same degree for the Miocene. The essen- 

 tial types of the vegetation of this epoch are the same over the 



