496 Scientific Intelligence. 



12. Annual Report for 1874 of the U. 8. Geological and Geo- 

 graphical Survey of the Territories; F. V. Haydex, TJ. S. Geol- 

 ogist in charge. Conducted under the authority of the Secretary 

 of the Interior. 8vo, with numerous illustrations (88 full paged) 

 and maps. Washington, 1876. — During the year 1874, the ex- 

 plorations of the expedition, under the general charge of Dr. 

 Hayden, were carried on in Colorado, with Denver as head- 

 quarters. In the introductory remarks — a letter to the Secretary 

 of the Interior— Dr. Hayden states that the series of older meta- 

 morphic rocks, of probable Archaean age, have " alone afforded 

 the precious metals and minerals of Colorado." The volume con- 

 tains a Report by Dr. Hayden on the Lignitic series, the geology 

 of the eastern base of the Front Range, glacial phenomena, and 

 on the Elk Mountains (40 pages) ; a Report on the geology of the 

 Northwestern portion of the Elk Range by W. H. Holmes (14 

 pp.) ; Report on the features and geology of the valleys of the 

 Eagle, Grand and Gunnison Rivers, and on the detailed features 

 of the formations of the district by Dr. A. C. Peale (106 pp.) ; 

 Report on the Geology, etc., of the San Juan division by F. M. 

 EifDLiCH (62 pp.) ; valuable Reports by L. Lesqueretjx on the 

 Tertiary flora of the Lignitic beds, and on the Cretaceous flora of 

 North America, with descriptions of new species (94 pp. and eight 

 plates); Report of W. H. Jackso.n, on Ancient Ruins in South- 

 western Colorado (13 pp.) ; besides also a short zoological report 

 by E. I^jgeesoll; Geographical and topographical Reports of 

 Heney Gannett, S. B.'^Ladd, A. D. Wilson, F. Rhoda ; also a 

 Report on the supei-ficial deposits of Nebraska, by S. Aughby. 



No mention is made of Mr. James T, Gardner and his party, 

 who had charge of the Topographical department of the Survey. 



Dr. Hayden, in his remarks on the Lignitic series, sustains the 

 views stated in a notice of a paper of his on p. 148 of this volume. 

 He observes that the formations which have been recognized 

 along the eastern front in Colorado above the Archaean are the 

 Silurian, Carboniferous, Triassic (?), Jurassic, Cretaceous and Ter- 

 tiary. The beds of the Lower Silurian occur along the Black 

 Hills, Big Horn and Wind River Mountains, and near Colorado 

 Springs and Canon City, but none have been found by the survey 

 for the 200 miles between Fort Laramie and Colorado Springs. 



Dr. Peale's excellent report presents a large series of facts with 

 reference to the various geological formations in his district from 

 the Archaean to the Quaternary, and including the igneous rocks. 

 On Eagle River, and between it and Grand Rivers, beds of sand- 

 stone and limestone variously colored, and in the upper parts 

 gypsiferous, afforded the plants Catamites Suckovii, G. ffigas, 

 IStigwaria ficoides ; and Lesquereux concludes, since C. gigos 

 has not been found below the Permian, that the beds are proba- 

 bly Permian. From the lower part of the series, Dr. Hayden has 

 reported species of Productus, Spirifer, and from the upper, an 

 Orhicula. Dr. Peale calls the beds Permo-C'ar^om/erows. Mr. 

 Marvine observed the beds passing down into the Carboniferous, 



