Botany and Zoology. 299 
ion of such so-called species from their first appearance in the oldest 
fossiliferous strata; it is more probable from the kind and degree of 
i 
to a special type.’ Creation by law is sugge the many instan 
of retention of structures in Paleozoic species, which are embryonal 
and transitory in later species of the sa er or class; and the su: 
e great series of anatomical _ expressed b th ‘law of vegetative 
or irrelative repetition,’—all congenital varieties, defo rinities, monstros- 
ities—opposes itself to the tueedthacie of the origin of species by a pri- 
mary or immediate and never repeated act of adaptive construction,” 
8 eae as expressed in the 
hypothesis of te origin of specie lew “transmutation” or “ deviatio on; 
these transmutations being in no accordance with a ee ao 
but carried out under the influence of second causes. The first organ- 
r : slow a y transmutation, aia 
differentiated, into the highest vegetable and animal organisms, For t 
ch e ringing about the individual changes, he offers no 
uch 
: that, as in “the individual so in the nent a races, 
the sim ple forms were not only the prec ursors, but the aie ase of 
of a vertebrate animal measuring pr eo se in length!” This has 
excite discussion, several rs having since been po 
the subject, and although its e ch: hg been fully dis- 
proved, there is much diversity of jon in true char- 
regard to the 
. of the object. C. ce Bate (Ann. and Mag, Dee? 1862) thinks 
to be the s -e an Amphipod. It has also been suggested that it 
mp be part of —— ribbon of a Gasteropod; or part of the 
manducatory apparatus of a Rotifer. Mr. Busk, in an ‘illustrated paper 
