324 Dana on the Classification of Animals 
(See further, for examples, this Journal, [2], xxii, 14, and 
XxXxvi, 1.) 
many Herbivores to purposes of defense. _ oer 
The perverted nose of the Proboscideans is one of the indica- 
tions of their inferiority to the Carnivores; but it is not neces- 
sarily a mark of inferiority among Herbivores themselves, as 
the faculty of prehension is one of those especially characterizing 
arnivores and other higher Mammals, and nearly all Herbi- 
vores fail of it. : 
Viewed on the ascending grade, this method and the following 
may be included under the term, perfunctionative. 
. Defunctionative—Exhibited in the defectiveness or absence 
of the normal function of an organ;—as in the absence of the 
function of prehension from the fore-limbs of Herbivores (this 
prehension in the fore-limbs belonging to the Mammalian type) ; 
and that of locomotion mostly from all the limbs in the Muti- 
lates; that of locomotion from the female Bopyrus; that of 
locomotion from Cirripeds and other attached animals; that of 
the sense connected with the second pair of antennse (and proba- 
bly also the /irst, these organs being obsolete) in the Lernzas and 
Cirripeds, these antenne being simply prehensile organs in & 
Lernzea, and constituting the base of the peduncle in an Anatifa. 
This degradation and loss of functions is connected oft ) 
the elliptic and amplificative methods of decephalization (see 
beyond). It is connected with the latter in the Bopyrus, and 
also in Cirripeds and other attached species. 
C. INCREMENTAL. : if 
5. Amplificative—Exhibited in an elongation or general en- 
largement of the segments or members, and an increased laxness 
of the parts. Includes the cases— : me 
a. Lengthening, widening, or laxness in the anterior portion 
