based on the principle of Cephalization. 329 
centrated on the internal processes, and favors, therefore, that 
Sepaalie growth which makes a special demand on these forces; 
while in an active pupa (or rather the larve that passes through 
no pupa-state), activity, whether that of locomotion, or of diges- 
tion, constantly exhausts force; and only the balance, not thus 
Tun away with, goes towards the maturing process. With such 
an open outlet of force, the animal may mature physically, that 
1s, grow and perfect its outer structure; but cephalically, or, in 
all those points of structure, as well as psychical powers, that 
are connected with superior cephalic development, it makes 
little advance, 
Hence, (a) those insects whose larves are essentially like the 
adults and undergo no metamorphosis are inferior in type,—as 
generally so recognized. 
Again, (4) those Insects (as most Hymenopterous) whose larves 
are footless grubs are superior in type to those (as the Lepidop- 
terous) whose larves are most highly developed and active. 
iewed on the ascending grade, this method is the 
turative. . 
13. Gemmative-—Exhibited in multiplication by buds. Bud. 
ding may produce— ; 
a. Perfect individuals, capable of egg-production. Br toed 
6. Individuals capable only of budding, and giving origin to 
a perfect ege-producing individual as the last of a series of 
buddings, : 
c. Caducous, or persistent buds; the latter leading to com- 
pound forms, either branching, lamellar, or massive. 
ower of reproduction by buds occurs in many Worms, 
Mollusks; in Polyps and many other Radiates. The production 
istent buds is the lowest grade, and is common in the bud- 
Case a, : 
This method is allied to the multiplicative, p. 325. It is also 
phytozoic (p. 827), or a plant-like feature in animal life. 
