243 Dana on the Classification of Animals 
Three of the orders of Mammals, namely, Man, Megasthenes, 
and Mierosthenes, are typical, of different grades, and one, 
coids, as explained on pages 316 and 332, is semidegradational. 
For remarks on the subdivisions of Megasthenes and Micros- 
set see the articles above referred to, and also p. 388, pre- 
The ‘Odtocoids may be divided into three groups—a meg 
henic, a microsthenic and a degradational ; the first to ental the 
genera Phalangista, Dasyurus, Macropus, Diprotodon, ete.; the 
second, Perameles, Didelphys, Phascolomys, Echidna, etc. or 
Marsupial Insectivores, Rodents and Edentates ; the therd, Orni- 
thorhynchus 
The following table presents to view the subdivisions - 
Mammals and its orders. Under Odtocoids, the relations of 
two higher groups are indicated by the above adjectives, wishage 
giving them special names 
Megasthenes, aR Odtocoids. 
a an. Quadrumanes. | Chiro 
8. Megasthenes. Carnivores. Inecivores Megasthenic. 
re Microsthenes. Herbivores. Roden Microsthenic. 
D. tocoids. Mutilates. Btvatatod Ornithorhynchs. 
4. Higher subdivisions of the classes of Birds, Reptiles and Fishes. 
—(1.) In the class of Birds, there are three grand divisions: Saves 
first two, as recognized by Bonaparte, are the A Need (Rapac 
birds, Perchers, &c., and other birds that feed their young Saad 
they can fly), and the Preecoces (or the Gallinz, Anseres, Ostric 
ete., which feed themselves as soon as hatche d). The third 
includes the Reptilian Birds er Erpetoids (p. 317). The terms 
sthenics and Podosthenics apply soils well with Altrices 
and Preeeoces to the two higher divisions of Birds, as explained 
on page ) and have an ‘advantage i in their direct dynamical 
significatio 
The Shy of ordinary Birds (or Pterosthenics and Podosthe- 
nics) is stated on page 333 to be essentially imitate, like that of 
Insects, while the type of Erpetoids is mudtiplicate, ‘like that of 
Myriapods or of ordinary Reptiles; so that the ie 
toids to the higher division of Birds i is in an importa! er 
seencne to that of Myriapods to the ae division of In- 
oe) rs the oe of Reptiles there are three 
of stru recogni y logists 
eae ©) that of the Lacertoi (including Saurians, 
, Snakes) ; < 8 the degradational or hemitypic one of Am- 
Tv is now well Keown that Snakes afd Lizards are 
ake in of structure, the t almost in- 
estas nie é aA ; wo groups graduating ‘being 
athe ? serenediad wl 
° 
the 
; (LD oe of he 
