COMMON SANDERLING. 
491 
and the whole of the under parts of the body, are 
pure white : the edge of the wings and the quills 
are black, their coverts edged with white : the 
base of the quills and the shafts are pure white : 
the tail-feathers are grey, edged with white : beak, 
irides, and feet, black. This is the autumnal and 
winter plumage ; in the spring it gains the fol- 
lowing. The face and top of the head are marked 
with large black spots, and the feathers are bor- 
dered with red, and slightly with white : the neck, 
the breast, and the upper parts of the sides, are 
grey-red, wdth the middle of each feather spotted 
with black, and their tips whitish : the back and 
scapulars are deep rufous, with large black spots, 
and the whole of the feathers edged and tipped 
with white : the wing- coverts are dusky brown, 
undulated with rufous : the two middle tail-feathers 
are black, edged with greyish red : the belly and 
the rest of the under parts are pure white. The 
young before moulting have the top of the head, 
back, scapulars, and wing-coverts, black : the 
whole of the feathers are edged and spotted with 
yellowish : between the beak and eye is dusky 
brown : the nape, sides of the neck and of the 
breast, are bright grey, with delicate undulated 
stripes : the forehead, throat, fore-part of the 
neck, and whole of the under parts of the body, 
are pure white : the edge of the wing, the quills, 
and tail, are similar to the adults. 
This seems to be a pretty general inhabitant 
of the globe, being found in Europe, Asia, and 
