88 MR. J. BAXENDELL I INFLUENCE OF THE SEASONS UPON 



which the difference of temperature is greatest in the 

 winter months. 



The highest station in South-western Europe at which 

 observations have been made is Madrid,, and the low sta- 

 tions nearest to it in the direction of a parallel of lati- 

 tude are Lisbon to the West, and Barcelona to the East. 



Lisbon and Madrid. 

 Difference of altitude = 1780 feet. 



Winter. Summer. 



o o 



Lisbon 52*5 70*9 



Madrid 44*4 74'3 



8-1 -3-4 



Barcelona and Madrid. 

 Difference of altitude =2000 feet. 



00 



Barcelona 50*0 76*1 



Madrid 44*4 74*3 



5-6 1-8 



In Spain, therefore, the difference of temperature be- 

 tween the higher and lower strata of the atmosphere is 

 greater in winter than in summer. 



The next stations are in Sicily. 



Messina and Nicolosi near Catania. 

 Difference of altitude =2300 feet. 



o o 



Messina 55*0 77*2 



Nicolosi 51*2 78*6 



3-8 -1-4 



Catania and Nicolosi. 

 Difference of altitude =2300 feet. 



Catania 54'7 80*4 



Nicolosi 51-2 78-6 



3-5 1-8 



Kaemtz gives the mean temperatures of the seasons at 

 a station called the Casino on Mount Etna, at an elevation 



