TRIASSIC STRATA OF CUMBERLAND AND DUMFRIES. 345 



On the north of the Solway, the Permian strata on the 

 opposite side of the Vale of Eden are well exposed in the 

 E-iddings Junction section, on the Waverley line of railway, 

 about Carwinlay, Moat, and Canobie ; and the range of the 

 Moat sandstone, the same age as that of Shawk, by Glenzier 

 Quarry, Cove, near Kirkpatrick, Fleming, above Annan, 

 on to Dumfries, is well marked. 



In addition to a description of several Permian sections, 

 two sections will be given which show the occurrence 

 of the upper coal-measures similar to those described, by 

 me, some years since, in the valley of the Ayr, near 

 Catrine, thus rendering it extremely probable that such 

 strata extend under the valleys of the Eden and the Esk, 

 their southern outcrop being exposed in the Raw Beck, 

 south of Dalston, and their northern outcrop at Canobie. 

 These carboniferous strata may not be rich in coal; but 

 they contain the limestone of Ardwick, Leebotwood, and 

 Ballochmoyle Braes (formerly termed a freshwater one ■^), 

 and show a great development of coal-measures, which 

 are useful to be known, if it be only to show the depth 

 that has to be sunk through before the middle and profit- 

 able coal-fields of Whitehaven and Canobie can be reached. 

 This portion of the coal-measures, both in Scotland and the 

 north-west of England, has generally been termed Permian, 

 and summarily dismissed as unprofitable '^^red measures." 

 In my paper on the Ballochmoyle limestone f, it was 



admire in the vast amount of original information and truly philosophical 

 deductions which characterize liis invaluable memoirs. When I published 

 my first and second papers, I had not carefully read those memoirs, or I 

 should have referred to the learned. Professor's notice of the Carboniferous 

 Limestone at Shawk as he saw and correctly described it nearly thirty years 

 before me. 



* In this paper it is intended to use the term " Spirorbis Limestone " for 

 freshwater limestone. 



t " On some Upper Coal-measures containing a Bed of Limestone at Ca- 

 trine, in Ayrsliire," ' Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society ' for No- 

 vember 1862, p. 437. 



2a2 



