350 MR. E. W. BINNEY ON CARBONIFEROUS, PERMIAN, AND 



in the quarry is iiot more than 30 feet, and it dips to the 

 west at an angle of 8°. It passes downwards into a deposit 

 of red shaly clays, containing thin veins of gypsum, and 

 occasional bands of sandstone, of between 200 and 300 feet 

 in thickness, which underlies the valley up to the turn of 

 the River Esk in Canobie Holm, where a dislocation, in 

 the shape of a small anticlinal axis is seen, near the Round 

 and Long Pools. 



This axis shows a singular fine-grained stone of a greenish 

 tint, beds of red sandstone containing hard bands, large 

 nodules, and a breccia of 3 feet in thickness, composed of 

 fragments of red sandstone and limestone in a fed clay 

 paste, dipping to the south-west at an angle of 34° on the 

 one side, and on the other side beds of red clays and sand- 

 stones, dipping to the north-west at first at a greater angle, 

 but gradually lessening until a bed of breccia, composed of 

 fragments of red sandstone and limestone in a red paste 

 6 feet in thickness, make their appearance. These are 

 succeeded by a bed of dark red sandstone, mottled with 

 marks of brown and drab colours, 25 yards in thickness, 

 dipping to the north-west at an angle of 12°. 



For a short distance the strata are not visible ; but in 

 the bank of the river, below Canobie Kirk, they are again 

 seen in the form of a soft sandstone of a bright red colour, 

 containing a bed of breccia composed of small limestone- 

 pebbles in a red paste of sandy clay of 8 inches in thickness. 

 This is succeeded by bright red clays and red sandstones. 

 The dip of the strata here is to the south, at an angle of 

 10°. Then comes a bed of thick red sandstone, followed 

 by a light-coloured sandstone and red shales, containing 

 some thin beds of magnesian limestone of about a yard in 

 thickness altogether, which dip to the south at an angle of 

 15°. The following is an analysis of this limestone, for 

 which I am indebted to Mr. M. Binney, of the Bathgate 

 Chemical Works : viz.. 



