362 MR. E. W. BINNEY ON CARBONIFEROUS, PERMIAN, AND 



measures bear any resemblance to tlie same strata in Ayr- 

 shire, on the banks of the Ayr, a greater depth will most 

 probably have to be gone through before the profitable 

 middle coal-field is reached, as previously stated in my 

 remarks on the Canobie section. 



The dip of the strata near the Tool-house on the rail- 

 way, taken in the brown sandstone, was to the N.N.W., 

 at an angle of 25°. The red strata in the banks of the 

 Liddel, below the railway, also dipped to the N.N.W. 

 Near the bridge over the railway at Penton is a fine section, 

 showing the fault, which brings in a coarse sandstone, very 

 like a millstone- grit, and coal-measures containing 4 small 

 seams of coal, one of which had a gannister floor. The dip 

 of these strata is to the east, and they belong, as Mr. 

 Gibsone describes them, to the millstone-grit series of coal- 

 measures. Under these strata, in the Liddel, above the old 

 bridge, is seen a seam of coal 6 inches in thickness, with a 

 gannister floor, and a bed of impure limestone containing 

 crinoidal columns for a roof, all dipping slightly to the 

 east. 



The great fault above described, which brings the 

 brown sandstone and the millstone-grit into contact, is 

 most probably the same as that I have noticed in the Esk, 

 near Byreburn Foot, as there also bringing in the red mea- 

 sures. At Penton I consider the red-coloured strata to be 

 upper coal-measures, as they contain Stigmaria-rootlets, 

 like similar strata above Canobie Bridge, and not Permian 

 beds as Mr. Gibsone has described them to be. 



In this section we have not only failed to see the two 

 beds of breccia and the Spirorbis limestone, but also two 

 thick red sandstones of a soft description, seen in the Long 

 Pool and below the Manse at Canobie. These deposits 

 could not have escaped observation if they had been present ; 

 and their absence can only be accounted for by the Permian 

 strata to the north of Biddings Junction being thrown 



