368 MR. E. W. BINNEY ON CAKBONIEEROUS, PERMIAN^ AND 



yds. ft. 



1. Red and variegated clays 13 o 



2. Bed of limestone containing >SpeVo/'6«s, &c o i 



3. Red clays 10 o 



4. Purple shales containing >S'«^«]^man'«-rootlets 80 o 



5. Soft red sandstone 40 o 



6. Purple shales 16 2 



7. Shales, sandstones, and fire-clays, chiefly of a purple 



colour, about 150 o 



310 o 



In the Shawk section ^^ the Permian strata are brought 

 into juxtaposition with the mountain limestone ; so it is 

 probable that the fault which passes through Westward- 

 Chapel and Shawk^ and brings in the latter rock in those 

 places^ extends up to the Caldew, and brings in the car- 

 boniferous beds last described. 



The occurrence of upper coal-measures in this part of 

 Cumberland has not yet_, so far as I can learn^ been no- 

 ticed in any publication^, and is an interesting fact. To 

 my mind it tends to show that there is only the middle 

 part of the coal-measures exposed at Whitehaven and 

 other places on the west side of Cumberland, whilst at 

 Canobie and Raw Beck we have the upper coal-measures — 

 thus indicating something like a synclinal axis in the valleys 

 of the Solway and Eden, the upper coal-measures of Ca- 

 nobie, and the Permian strata of Canobie and Moat, — 

 the soft red sandstone (Trias) of Longtown, West Linton, 

 and Rockliffe dipping to the south, covered by the red and 

 variegated marls of Carlisle, and the Holmhead and Dalston 

 sandstone, the sandstone seen in the Caldew below Holm 

 Hill, and the upper coal-measures of Raw Beck dipping to 

 the north, as shown in the accompanying woodcut. 



It is desirable that these upper coal-measures should be 

 proved, by careful boring, as to whether they are underlain 

 by a portion of the middle or profitable coal-field, like that 

 of Whitehaven, or v/hether they are an unconformable part 



* Vol. xiv. p. 117 (2nd Series) of the Societj^'s Memoirs. 



