374 MR. E. W. BINNEY ON CARBONIFEROUS^ PERMIAN, AND 



Lime 43'20 



Magnesia 5-53 



Carbonic acid 40*69 



Protoxide of iron 1-14 



Alumina 4-25 



Silica 5"i9 



Specific gravity 2*62 ioo*oo* 



The Barrowmoutli section is remarkable for the absence 

 of the soft red sandstone of Kirkby Stephen, Belah, Hil- 

 ton, and Canobie, which ought to underlie the breccia. 

 With this exception, it is the most complete Permian sec- 

 tion to be met with in the north-west of England that has 

 yet come under my observation. The St. Bees sandstone 

 is seen to pass down into the red shaly clays on the hill- 

 side at Barrowmouth, and in its range southward extends 

 across the country by Bolton Wood, south of Cleator, 

 Egremont, Calder Abbey, Gosforth, to Drigg Cross, and 

 the district lying between those places and the sea. Prof. 

 Sedgwick thought that it could be traced southward into 

 Furness. It is generally found as a fine-grained and lami- 

 nated sandstone of a red colour, although some of its beds 

 are of a drab colour, and it is in general use throughout 

 the country as a building-stone. Some of its laminated 

 beds, which contain numerous fine plates of mica, are also 

 used for slates and flags. It contains beautiful ripple- 

 marks, but in the neighbourhood of St. Bees it has up to 

 this time, to my knowledge, yielded no footprints of ani- 

 mals. None of the deposits of haematite iron, so far as I 

 can learn, have ever been found in this rock. In the upper 

 parts of the rock, at Eleswick and Seacote, the colour is of 

 a brighter red, and the beds are thicker and not so much 

 laminated as they are in the lower parts. From Barrow- 

 mouth to Seacote the sandstone has a southerly dip, ave- 

 raging about 9°, and the distance is three miles; so the 



* For this analysis I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. M. Binney, of 

 Bathgate. 



