TRIASSIC STRATA OF CUMBERLAND AND DUMFRIES. 381 



than that afforded by their fossil remains ; and these, so 

 far as plants and fishes are concerned, do not greatly differ 

 in the lower beds more than those found in one part of 

 the carboniferous strata vary from those met with in another 

 portion. 



Concluding Remarks. 



The occurrence of an upper coal-field and its charac- 

 teristic Spirorbis limestone in the south-west of Scotland 

 and the north-west of England, as shown in this paper, taken 

 in connexion with similar beds at Ballochmoyle Braes, in 

 Ayrshire, as well as the fragments found in the conglo- 

 merate of Westhouse, near Kirkby Lonsdale, all tend to 

 prove the former occurrence of these beds over a large 

 area, and their probable removal by denudation from the 

 West Cumberland coal-field prior to the deposition of the 

 Whitehaven sandstone; for it is certain that up to this 

 time no traces of these strata have been met with in that 

 district, although the Permian strata are well exposed ; 

 and they were likely to be noticed, if present. 



So far as my knowledge extends, there has yet ap- 

 peared no notice of these coal-measures having ever been 

 found in the east of Scotland, the north-east of England, 

 Yorkshire, Derbyshire, or Nottinghamshire ; so in none of 

 these districts is the series of coal-strata, as at present ex- 

 posed, complete. The only place on the east, or rather 

 the Midland district of the English coal-field where they 

 have been is at Baxterley, near Nuneaton. 



In the central and western coal-fields, they have been 

 met with at Lane End in Staffordshire, Wellbatch, Lee- 

 botwood, Pontesbury, and Uffington, near Shrewsbury, 

 Ardwick, near Manchester, and Whiston, near Liverpool; 

 and in many of the Permian breccias and conglomerates 

 of South Staffordshire and Shropshire they are to be 

 found, proving their former occurrence in the districts 



