TRIASSIC STRATA OF CUMBERLAND AND DUMFRIES. 387 



with a marked example of the variability of the Permian 

 deposits of the north-west of England and the south-west 

 of Scotland, and the difficulties in classifying them merely 

 from their mechanical characters. 



For the purpose of comparing the Permian beds at 

 different places I give the following Table : — 



Tabular View of the Permian Strata of the North-west 

 of England and the South-west of Scotland, as seen near 

 Manchester, at Westhouse near Kirkby Lonsdale, Shawk 

 near Carlisle, Barrowmouth near Whitehaven, land 

 Moat near Longtown, in the descending order, and 

 with approximate thicknesses ^. 



Laminated and fine-grain- 

 ed red sandstones (St. Bees) 

 Red and variegated clajs 

 or marls containing some- 

 times, but not always, beds 

 of limestone and gypsum, 

 and bands of sandstone, 

 the clays and limestones 

 containing fossil shells of 

 the genera 8chizodus,Bake- 

 vellia, &c. 



Conglomerate or breccia. 

 Lower Red Sandstone, 

 generally soft and inco- 

 herent. 



Red shaly clays. 

 Astley pebble-beds con- 

 taining common coal- 

 plants, but quite uncon- 

 formable to the upper 

 coal-measures, termed by 

 me Lower Permian. 



Manches- 

 ter. 



feet. 

 1 Not 

 J seen . 



500 



Not seen 



1 



\ 60 



I 

 I 



; 



West- 

 house. 



feet. 

 Not 

 seen. 



Traces 



of them 



seen. 



300 

 500 

 250 



Not seen 



Shawk. 



feet. 

 300 



150 



4 



7 



Not seen 



Not seen 



Barrow- 

 mouth. 



feet. 



1000 



70 



Not seen 

 Not seen 



140 



Moat. 



feet. 

 30 



225 



- 600 

 Not seen 



Not seen 



* The first four strata of the above series, Professor Harkness, F.R.S., 

 in a fine natural section seen at Hilton Beck, near Brough, estimates to 

 be fully 3000 feet in thickness. He also states that he has found the marl- 

 slate there, with its characteristic fossils. There are certainly some cream- 

 colom*ed beds seen in that locality, which contain fragments of plants ; but 

 they are in such a bad state of preservation that I have been unable to de- 

 cipher them, except that one plant is a Pecopteris. My collection is a pretty 

 good one, and collected by myself. 



