38 



Records of the Indian Museum. [Vol. XXIV, 



material ; but even in those Cyprinid genera of which material 

 was available in sufficient quantity, I am unable to find any 

 striking modifications. In Garra, for instance, the whole structure 

 is more or less similar to that found in Labeo, except that the 

 adductor and abductor systems of muscles are better developed. 

 At the same time it must be remembered that the fins do not form 

 the chief organs of adhesion in this genus. 



In the Siluroids, Glyptothorax and Pseadechencis , in which the 

 chief adhesive organ is situated on the chest, the only modifica- 

 tions consist in the fusion of the various bony elements for strength- 

 ening of the girdle. On account of the horizontal position of 

 the fin, the shape of the girdle is considerably changed (fig. 2). 



Text-fig. 2. — Dorsal view of the pectoral girdle in Glyptothorax madraspata- 



nns. 



a = interclavicle ; 3, 4 = muscles of the pectoral spine. 



Great difficulty has been experienced in adopting suitable 

 terms for the description of the various structures. I have fol- 

 lowed Parker 1 in preference to McMurrieh* in drawing up my des- 

 criptions. 



Besides the modifications enumerated above, other charac- 

 teristic specializations are also found in Glyptothorax and Pseude- 

 cheneis. On the ventral aspect of the interclavicular bones (fig. 3) 

 there are keel-like ridges- (fig. 36) for the attachment of the muscles. 

 These ridges are greatly elevated posteriorly and end in spine-like 

 processes ; but they slope down anteriorly and meet each other in 

 the mid-ventral line close to the union of the clavicles and the 

 interclavicles. 



1 Parker, A Monograph of the structure and development of the Sliotilder 

 girdle and Sternum in the Vertebrata (1868) 



2 McMurrich, Proc. Canadian Inst. (n.S.) II, pp. 3111-306 (18S4). 



