AN ACCOUNT OF THE INDIAN CIRRIPEDIA PEDUNCULATA. 

 By N. Annandai^K, B.A., D.Sc, Superintendent, Indian Museum. 



PREFACE. 



The publication of Dr. P. P. C. Hoek's account of the Cirripedia Pedunculata col- 

 lected in the Malay Archipelago by the '' Siboga " Expedition/ and of several import- 

 ant papers dealing with the Pacific species by Dr. H. A. Pilsbry/ affords an occa- 

 sion for revising the Indian collection in Calcutta. This collection is very nearly 

 complete as regards specimens of the species as yet recorded from the seas of British 

 India, but its chief importance lies in the fact that many of these species are repre- 

 sented by large numbers of individuals. A considerable proportion of the specimens 

 has been collected by succeeding Surgeon-Naturalists on the R.I. M.S. ship "Inves- 

 tigator," but a large proportion has also been obtained from other sources. This is 

 particularly the case as regards the family dealt with in this paper, many of its 

 representatives being shallow- water forms. I am greatly indebted to Dr. P. N. van 

 Kampen of the Dutch Fishery Board in Java, to Dr. W. T. Caiman of the British 

 Museum, to Dr. H. J. Hansen of Copenhagen, and to Prof. E. L. Bouvier of Paris for 

 assistance in filling in gaps in the collection, while I owe the opportunity of investigat- 

 ing several of the semi-parasitic species largely to the specimens recently obtained by 

 the Bengal Government's steam trawler ''Golden Crown." The acquisition of new 

 material from these sources has in many cases made it necessary to reconsider opinions 

 I had previously expressed. 



In the present contribution to the study of the Indian Cirripedes I propose to 

 deal with those forms which may be conveniently referred to the family I^epadidse in 

 a restricted sense. The Pedunculata (that is to say, the I^epadidse of older authors) 

 have been variously subdivided, and it is perhaps impossible to discover a scheme for 

 their classification that would satisfy all authorities. The fact seems to be that few 

 groups afford so many or such perfect instances of convergence or adaptive resem- 

 blance. There is every justification for the belief that the primitive Cirripede was 

 provided with a large number of calcareous plates or valves, and that from this 

 ancestor evolution has taken place in several different directions both as regards the 

 valves and as regards the internal anatomy of the animal and the various appendages 



1 " The Cirripedia of the Siboga Expedition," Siboga-Exfeditie, A — Cirripedia Pedunculata, Mono- 

 graph xxxi«, 1907 (I,eyden). 



* " Notes on some Pacific Cirripedes," Pwc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, July, 1907, p. 360; " Notes 

 on the Cirripede genus Meg-a/rtsmrt," ihid., September, 1907, p. 408; "Hawaiian Cirripedia," Bull. 

 Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxvi, p. 181 (1907) ; " The Barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of 

 the U. S. Nat. Museum," Bull. U. S. Nat. Museum, No. 60 (1907). 



