I909.] N. Annandai^e : The Indian Cirnpedia Pedunadata. 73 



range. So far as is known, only two species occur in Indian seas, but it is probable 

 that at least three others are brought in as occasional and adventitious immigrants on 

 the bottoms of ships. 



No specimens in the collection have given me so much trouble as the representa- 

 tives of Anatifa, partly because they are, for the most part, so well known that few 

 authorities have given a detailed account of the specimens they have examined, 

 partly because the specific differences between three of the common species appear to 

 break down to a considerable extent so far as Oriental specimens are concerned. 

 These three species are Lepas anatifèra, L. anserifera and L. pedinata. Judging from 

 Darwin's descriptions, from Hoek's figures in the ''Challenger" Reports, and from 

 the few European specimens I have examined, I have no reason to doubt that they 

 are specifically distinct from one another. Unfortunately, however, Darwin had few 

 Indian specimens before him while preparing his incomparable monograph on the 

 Cirripedia, and the definitions he gives are not always applicable in all respects to 

 such specimens. I have not been alone in my difficulties as regards Oriental speci- 

 mens of the common Indian species (L. anserifera), for Hoek, in his recent account of 

 the Pedunculate Cirripedes of the " Siboga " Expedition (1907), writes as follows : — 



'' The specimens [of L. anserifera] collected in the Bay of Labuan Tring (Lom- 

 bok) caused me some difficulty as they differed from the usual appear- 

 ance of L. ansenfera in one of its most distinctive characters, viz., in the 

 occludent margin of the scutum not being arched or protuberant. Further, 

 the internal umbonal tooth of the right-hand scutum is hardly stronger than 

 that of the left-hand scutum. But as these characters vary even within the 

 specimens of this locahty, the form of the scutum in some of them approach- 

 ing more to the typical form than is the case in others ; there existing, 

 moreover, a close resemblance in other regards between this and the typical 

 form, no doubt was left as to the importance of this difference." {Siboga- 

 Exped., Mon, xxxia, Cirr. Fed., p. 2.) 



Some of the Indian specimens I have examined {e.g., those from Akyab) are typi- 

 cal examples of L. anserifera; others evidently agree with Hoek's specimens from 

 Lombok. I also find, however, that in some specimens in which the scutum resem- 

 bles that of L. anserifera, or that of L. pectinata, or has an intermediate character, 

 the valves are nearly smooth. This is particularly noticeable in some of Professor 

 Herdman's specimens from Ceylon , which I referred to L. anatifera, I still think rightly. 

 Further, there is a considerable variation in the angle formed by the fork of the carina. 

 In some specimens, moreover, which I assign to L. anserifera the upper extremity 

 of the peduncle is clearly of an orange colour or (in specimens long preserved in bad 

 spirit) at any rate paler than the lower part ; but in others the dark coloration extends 

 to the base of the peduncle, although the capitular membrane is always pale. Lastly, 

 even the filamentous appendages exhibit a certain amount of variation in specimens 

 agreeing in other characters. The upper pair of these appendages at the base of the first 

 cirrus, as Darwin noticed, is frequently rudimentary in small individuals ; in some of 



