igog.] N. AnnandaIvE : The Indian Cirripedia Pedunculata. 83 



Var. IV {Cineras olfersii, lycach). — Summit of capitulum bluntly pointed ; stripes 

 present, but sometimes of a faint colour. Terga straight. Scutum tri- or 

 quinquelobate, the three main lobes of equal or nearly equal length, meeting 

 one another in such a way as to form two right angles, or one angle slightly 

 greater than and one slightly less than a right angle. 

 Ha hit at . — Mediterranean , Atlantic . 



The characters by which the form called Cineras olfersii by Leach is distin- 

 guished from the same author's var. chelonophilus appear from Hoek's description 

 of the latter to be so variable (and certainly are so variable in the variety hunter i) 

 that it seems to be impossible to separate the two even as varieties. 



I have already (p. 68, antea) discussed the distribution ' of the varieties of C. 

 virgatum, but it may be as well to state in greater detail what is known as to the objects 

 to which they commonly affix themselves. The typical form is common on ships' 

 bottoms, on the skin of whales, and even of slow-moving fish (Darwin), on the copepod 

 parasites of whales and fish (Turner) ; and still more so on the sessile barnacles 

 (Diadema) commonly found attached to whales. The variety known as chelonophilus 

 is stated by Darwin to be found on one species of turtle, viz., " Testudo " caretta, but 

 several specimens are recorded as from Chelone sp., and the number actually 

 examined by students of the Cirripedes appears to have been small. The variety 

 hunteri has usually been taken on the sea-snake Hydrus plaUirus, but has also been 

 found attached to a telegraph cable and to the carapace of a crab ; the specimen from 

 the mouth of the river Hughli, now in the collection of the Indian Museum, was 

 apparently attached to a turtle. There does not, therefore, seem to be evidence that 

 any of the varieties of the species is confined to one particular host. Although 

 Conchoderma virgatum is reported to be a common species, the actual number of 

 specimens recorded is by no means a large one. 



Genus Heteralepas, Pilsbry (1907). 



Capitulum naked or provided with a pair of ill-defined chitinous scuta, the 

 capitular membrane greatly thickened and more or less wrinkled on the 

 surface ; the muscles of the peduncle extending upwards into the capitulum 

 and forming a layer beneath the membrane. A single lateral appendage on 

 each side, situated at the base of the first cirrus. Anal appendages long, 

 multiarticulate. Mandibles usually with four teeth, the base of which bears 

 numerous small spines; maxillae excavated, their biting edge often irregular. 

 This genus is divided by Pilsbry into two subgenera in accordance with the struc- 

 ture of the fifth and sixth pairs of cirri. In the subgenus Paralepas the two rami of 

 each of these appendages are approximately equal, while in the more typical forms 

 the internal (posterior) rami are much reduced, being distinctly smaller and less well 

 armed than the external (anterior) rami. 



' Since this paper was in the press I have found a small example of the typical form of the species 

 on the leg of a turtle {Chelone imhricata) from the Bay of Bengal. — May ^rd, igog. 



