1915.] A. Oxa: The Tunicata of the Indian Museum. 15 
The Dorsal Tubercle is roundish in outline; the funnel is horseshoe-shaped with 
the horns turned spirally inwards. 
The Dorsal Lamina is represented by a series of slender languets. 
The Alimentary Canal forms a wide loop as is usual in the genus Cynthia. The 
anus has its margin entire. 
The Gonads are hermaphrodite glands developed one upon each side of the body. 
Each gland has the shape of a curved cylinder with smooth surface, and opens into 
the peribranchial cavity at the base of the atrial siphon. The openings of the glands 
are separate, but lie very close to each other. 
_ Locality.—Muscat, 5 fathoms. One specimen. 
This species is closely allied to C. spinosa, Sluiter (15), from the Gulf of 
Tadjourah, East Africa, which is also covered all over with peculiarly shaped spiny 
scales. These scales, however, though apparently belonging to the same type, are 
different in shape in the two species. In C. spinosa they are characterized by 
bearing along the margin five to seven curved spines, 0°25 mm. long, with their 
points turned towards the central spine, which is erect, straight, and 05 mm. long. 
As will be seen at once by comparing our figures (Pl. II, fig. 8c. Sluiter, /.c., and 
Pl. III, fig. 4 of this paper) the difference in the shape of these scales is fairly 
striking. The larger spines surrounding the aperture, on the other hand, are quite 
similar in both species. 
In internal structure the two species agree tolerably well, but slight differences 
are found in the number of tentacles, the number of internal longitudinal bars on 
the fold and the arrangement of transverse vessels, and in the form of the gonads. 
Thus, in C. spinosa the tentacles are only sixteen in number instead of twenty, and 
they are all of the same size. The number of the internal longitudinal bars on a fold 
is ten in C. spinosa, but thirteen to fifteen in C. sluiteri. Again, in C. spinosa the 
transverse vessels are placed large and small alternately, whereas in C. sluitert every 
fourth transverse vessel is distinctly wider than the intermediate ones. ‘The herma- 
phrodite glands of C. spinosa are lobed, and not entire as those of C. sluiteri. In 
other respects the two species agree almost perfectly. 
Rhabdocynthia ceylonica, Herdman. 
(Pl. I, figs. 8-11.) 
Rhabdocynthia ceylonica, Herdman, Report on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. On 
the Tunicata, 1906. 
Localities. —{I) Station 152; 114 miles S. 83° W. of Colombo Lt., depth 261 
fathoms; bottom sand, shell and coral; December rath, 1893. One specimen. (2) 
Andamans. One specimen. (3) West coast of Andamans. Four specimens. (4) 
Coast of Cheduba, 20-30 fathoms; August 29th, 1877 (coll. Armstrong). One speci- 
men. (5) Nicobars (coll. Armstrong). One specimen. (6) East of the Terribles, 
15 fathoms. Two specimens. 
This species appears to be rather common in the northern part of the Indian 
