156 Memoirs of the Indian Museum. IVOrPAUrE 
form of very fine threads. These unite to make thicker threads which may grow as 
long or longer than the body of the insect. The largest amount of secretion occurs 
near the head and the anus. The glands in surface and profile views, along with 
the secreted threads, are shown in the accompanying figures (pl. xiv). They do not | 
possess any central large facet as found in Schizoneura, nor is the group of facets 
comptising a plate surrounded by any chitinous ring as is said to be the case in the 
type for the genus Pemphigus. 
Three pairs of glands on the head of the apterous female are composed of a 
smaller number of facets and encircled by clearly marked rings. On the background 
of the dusky head they appear like ocelli. 
Life-history.—Malformations on grass (Cynodon) shoots are first noticeable about 
October or November. € 
The woolly plant-lice are all apterous and reproduce very quickly; if fresh 
growing shoots are provided to them in pots or glass vessels, they arrest the growth 
of these shoots at once and convert a normal branch into a sickly cluster of small 
leaves. 
Throughout winter reproduction continues, slackening a little in January and 
early February. In March again the grass in most localities is covered over by thin 
flakes of waxy material, looking like cotton wool, and the insects are abundant. In 
April the apterous females have a much lighter colour, almost whitish ; the progeny 
of these develop into pupae and some of them ultimately succeed in becoming winged 
adults. The winged females are parthenogenetic as evidenced by the presence of 
young embryos in their bodies, but they were not observed to reproduce on grass. 
_ Apparently they fly off to some other host that is at present unknown. 
Natural enemies like Scymnus spp. and Brumus suturals, Aphis-lion and some 
Syrphid larvae are very active amongst them on warm days. The aphids are present 
in shaded places and preferably on branches that are covered over by a debris of 
dry leaves. The predaceous insects, however, hunt them out very actively, so that it 
is only during a week or two when they may be collected. After the first week of 
May none at all is visible. How and where the life-cycle is spent from May to Octo- 
ber I have been unable to find out. 
This species resembles in many important features the one found on Pistacıa 
integerrima and described above as Pemph. aedificator, Buck. As both are present 
in the same locality, it was suspected that it might prove to be the migratory form 
of Pemph. aedıficator, and experiments were undertaken to discover the relation. 
Twice from November to April the species were kept under observation both in the 
field and the laboratory, and several attempts made to transfer the winged forms of 
the one to the other, but they all failed. 
The alate migratory females from Pistacia galls did not reproduce young on 
Cynodon under glass chimneys. Alate forms from Cynodon could not be colonised on 
Pistacia leaves. So very probably the two forms have nothing to do with each 
other, though some further and more accurate observations would be required to 
establish this point. | 
