186 Memoirs of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VI, 
Rostrum up to about second coxae. | 
Wings long and rather slender, not very broad; veins black and distinctly 
marked. Stigma dark brownish; its basal parts and the insertions greenish-yellow. 
Cubitus reaches up to the sub-costa. Stigmal vein with a gradual curve throughout. 
Measurements :— 
Body ee Se .. _I‘50 x ‘060 mm. 
Antennae a ei ae ROUES A 
Wing expanse .. 5'Io mm.; wing 2'20x0'76 mm. 
Cornicle ok 3 MOTO nam“ 
Cauda 3 i: FAO TO 
- Natural History.— The insect seems to appear some time about the middle of 
December, the earliest date in my collection being Igth December. At this time one 
notices a few leaves, nearer the base than the top of the plants, either wholly or in 
part changed into galls. As explained above, there is always an opening to them, 
either at one or at both ends. Through this opening the Aphids can creep out. It 
is not usual to find alate females inside, but they are often found sitting more or less 
isolated on the under sides of the leaves. It was easy to find out the reason for this 
from plants kept under observation in the laboratory. 
Up to the pupa stage, i.e. up to the time when the active nymph has to cast its 
final moult, it stays inside the gall, but as the space inside is very limited and the gall 
is often crammed with young aphids, the pupa almost instinctively understands that 
it would be unable to expand its wings when it casts its skin and the crumpled new 
wings are to be inflated with air. Creeping out of the gall it sits quietly on the shel- 
tered side of the leaf where it can, for some time, obtain food as well, though it does 
‚not appear to take much before ecydysis. After moulting and fully expanding its 
wings the females stay on the plant for considerable periods before flying off to new 
ones. 
Very young leaves are always attacked and if they have not had time to unfold 
or grow the whole leaf is conduplicated and inflated ; otherwise only a part of the leaf 
forms the pseudogall and the rest remains normal. In bad attacks almost all the 
upper leaves of the branches and more particularly of those which terminate in the 
inflorescence turn into small pods as is shown in the illustrations. 
If the food supply of the species is interfered with, by injuring the branch which 
bears the galls, all the insects come out and travel to other parts of the plant. 
Owing perhaps to the fact that Chenopodium is more or less in leaf throughout 
the year, it has not been possible yet to secure the males and the true females that 
lay eggs. The most active reproduction takes place during March and April when 
it may be found in almost any shady place, along water-courses, in the fruit orchards 
and gardens on all sides of Lahore. But it seems to be fairly active also in the 
summer months; along the banks of the river Jumna at Delhi it was flourishing well 
in the latter part of July (23rd July 1913). 
Myrmecine ants regularly attend this Aphid to remove the honey-dew, which 
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