194 Memoirs of the Indian Museum. [Vor air 
can attach generic importance to these tubercles. I have therefore, not finding 
myself in entire agreement with him in this, retained it under S:phocoryne. 
Siphocoryne avenae (Fabr.). 
(European Grain louse). 
Synonyms.—A phis avenae (Fabr.); A. padi (Kalt.). 
Literature and synonymy.—This species is up to the present known in Europe as 
Aphis avenae, the original name given by Fabricius in Entomologia Systematica, vol. IV, 
p.214, 1794! American authors almost unanimously describe it under Siphocoryne 
since Pergande’s excellent memoir on ‘‘ Aphids affecting grains and grasses of the 
United States’’ (U. S. Department of Agric. Bull. No. 44). He gives a complete 
account of its life-history and a description of the various forms with a bibliography 
and a synonymic list. References to it are to be met with in many Reports and 
Bulletins issued by Experiment Stations mostly under the name of ‘‘ Grain and 
Apple Aphis,’’ by Thomas, Gillette and Taylor, Patch, Wilson and others. An 
accurate and detailed description, though differing in certain respects from the insect 
as found in India, has been given by Essig (Pomona Coll. Journ. Ent., IV, p. 791, 
1912), apparently under the wrong name Aphis maidis, which is altogether a different 
species and is dealt with elsewhere in this work. 
In India, in the plains, one is apt to find mostly the winged forms only and I have 
so far never discovered the apterous individuals unless I have specially hunted for 
them or reared them under glass vessels in the laboratory. 
From late October onwards throughout winter one finds isolated winged Aphids 
on the blades of young plants of wheat, barley or avena. There are seldom more 
than two or three individuals on one plant. They are either Aphis mardis or Stpho- 
coryne (Aphis) avenae. The latter can be at once recognised from the former by its 
large ample wings, deeply marked veins, very black antenna in which the spur of the 
sixth joint is more than four times the length of the base, and brown cornicles with a 
concolorous band between them. The apterous forms remain underground and are 
seldom met with unless one digs them up. 
The apterous female is to be found with her brood of a few young on the 
white stalk of the cotyledon, between the permanent position of the wheat or avena- 
seedling and the seed, as shown in the rough diagram. ‘The colour is often dull green- 
ish or darkish but never black as noted by Western writers, and one invariably 
notices a russet intercornicular band. The largest specimens are very often wholly 
russet brown, thick built, with arched backs and quite plump. 
When noticed for the first time by digging up a few rather weak-looking seed- 
lings in the wheat and avena fields in November, they were attended by the brown 
and black ant (Meranophus bicolor). The antennae were invariably five-jointed, 
' [Since the name Aphis padi, L. has older rights than that of Aphrs avenae, Fabr., the correct name 
of the species mentioned here must be Siphocoryne padi, L., or better still Siphonaphis padi, L., as I have 
pointed out elsewhere (v. d. Goot, Beity. z. Kenntn. der holl. Blattläuse, p. 241). P. v. d. G.]. 
