196 Memoirs of the Indian Museum. [Von vae 
vol. III, no. i, p. 40, from tea gardens in India. I am not giving a detailed account 
of this insect as it is not indigenous.to Lahore. 
Leaving out Tox. aurantii therefore, so far unnoticed in the vicinity of Lahore, 
one collects usually three different species, recognisable with comparative ease from 
their colour and the host-plants. 
(x) Toxoptera graminum (Rond.) | 
Light green in colour with similar black-tipped cornicles : it infests 
graminous crops such as wheat, avena, etc. Ba 
(2) Toxoptera cyperi (v. d. Goot). 
Dark green in colour, more or less variegated, with black cornicles ; 
it attacks mainly Cyperus rotundus, ‘ Motha’’ or “‘ Dila’’ grass. 
(3) Toxoptera punjabipyri, sp. nov. : 
Body colour black, but appears slate-grey on account of whitish meal ; 
its host is pear and plum the young leaves of which it conduplicates. 
Separate accounts of these are given below. 
Toxoptera graminum (Rond.). 
This insect was first described from Italy by Rondani, who noticed it in huge 
swarms during 1852. It has come into great prominence by becoming a serious 
wheat-pest in U. S. of America, where it is known as the ‘‘Green bug” or the 
“ Spring grain aphis.’’ | | 
Passerini has given the description of the Italian insect in Aphidide Italicae, 
p. 28, 1863. Numerous notices are contained in the Bulletins and Circulars of the 
U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Reports issued by various experiment stations, 
written mostly by Pergande, Washburn, Webster, Sanborn, Hunter and others. 
The most complete and very profusely illustrated work, with elaborate experi- 
ments on its parasitisation and consumption by natural enemies, as well as the influ- 
ence of environmental condition on the “ Green bug ’’ and its parasites, is to be found 
in the Bulletin of the Kansas University, vol. 1X, pt. 2, 1909, by S. J. Hunter and 
P. A. Glenn; a very valuable publication indeed. Bulletin 38 (1902) and Circulars 85 
and 93 (1907 and 1909) of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, 
are also useful. As the Indian insect is identical, no further description of it is given 
here. 
In the Punjab this Toxoptera has been most commonty collected from wheat, 
avena, barley and on Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus niveus.' A number of individuals 
may be found feeding on Cynodon dactylon, the common Dhoob grass in April or early 
May. 
' [It is a little doubtful whether the statement of Mr. Das as to Cyperus being a food-plant of Tox- 
oplera graminum is quite correct, since this Aphid has so far been known only to attack Gramineae. 
Perhaps Mr. Das may have mistaken for T. graminum a light-greenish Toxoptera-species on Cyperaceae, 
not uncommon in Java too and described by me as Toxoptera minuta, sp. nov. (v. d. Goot. Zur 
Kenntniss der Blattläuse Java’s, p. 86). P. v. d. G.]. 
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