198 Memoirs of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VI, 
This perhaps is the only way of securing specimens of the winged insect, as ordi- 
narily in the field very few of them are to be noticed on the plants, where one usually 
sees only apterous females and young. 
Time of appearance.—The Aphid is in evidence about March, and continues to 
be so during Apriland even May. After this it either hides itself or migrates to cooler 
places. It has not been possible up to now to follow up its summer history and to 
determine the summer hosts. We meet it again in September in I,ahore. Near the 
base of the Siwaliks and the Himalayas in Saharanpur and Dehra Dun districts I have 
collected it in July and August. From September onwards it continues breeding till 
its disappearance in November. Sexual forms have not been collected, but in all 
likelihood they are produced at this period, the species wintering in the eggs which 
hatch in March. No plant of any economic importance is its host at present. 
Distribution. —It seems to have a wide distribution in India. I have collected it 
from various localities throughout the Punjab, United Provinces, Bihar, Bengal and 
most of Central India. Probably it is present in other provinces as well, and possibly 
extends towards Java and the countries around. 
Name. —The insect appears to be undescribed, at least no description is available 
yet. We have been calling it after its host provisionally. Recently mention has 
been made in a footnote by van der Goot (‘‘ Zur Systematik der Aphiden,” 1913) 
of a Javanese species that he calls Tox. cyperi, n. sp. It is very probable that the 
Indian insect is identical with the one found in Java. Specimens have been asked 
for in exchange. 
The insect has, since writing the above, been found to be quite similar to 
the Java one. 
Toxoptera punjabipyri, sp. nov. 
Hosts.—Pyrus communis (Pear). 
Pyrus sp. (Wild variety of Pear). 
Distinguishing characters. —A medium-sized blackish Aphid, with a darker streak 
on the abdomen ; young slate-coloured ; cornicles and cauda black; usually apterous 
females only, having the spur smaller than article III. Cubitus in alate female 
forked once; sensoria on both articles III and IV; the colonies remain inside the 
pseudogalls formed by conduplicating young Pyrus leaves. 
DESCRIPTION. 
Apterous viviparous female.—Body ovalish, tapering towards both ends from the 
cornicular region ; pruinose, owing to the white meal; the latero-dorsal parts of the 
abdomen dark greyish; a dark line runs lengthwise in the middle; last antennal 
joints, head, cornicles, cauda, anal plate, coxae, distal femora, tarsi, all black; basal 
antennae, proximal femora and tibiae whitish, or yellowish ; eyes dark red. 
Head much broader than long; frontal tubercles distinct, small, on the same level 
as the convexity of the front. 
Antennae a little smaller than body ; the size varies ; article III is longer than 
the spur. 
