254 Memoirs of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VI, 
The eggs are collected best in muslin bags tied over the whole twig containing these 
females with one or two males, but the latter apparently are not necessary. They 
can also be made to deposit their eggs in tubes. It is these eggs mainly that carry 
the species through the winter. In March they hatch into stem-mothers to start the 
new life-cycle.' | 
Natural enemies.—Chilomeles is the worst enemy of this Aphid ; it comes upon 
the scene almost simultaneously with the appearance of the insect in March. Both. 
the larvae and the imagines actively devour the Aphid and the latter lay their yellow 
clusters of eggs freely near them. 
This species, probably because of its active ani is singularly free from the 
attacks of Syrphid larvae, and very few internal parasites have been bred from them. 
On one or two occasions I have obtained a Dipterous fly, not noticed as an Aphid 
parasite before by me, from their colonies. The woolly covering of the Aphid ap- 
parently serves as a good protection. 
The life-history of another insect (the Punjab Spotted Chrysopa) has been worked 
out which seemed to feed actively on this Aphid but was not found common on others. 
It is a species of Chrysopa, but quite distinct from the common ‘‘ Lace-wing’’ or 
‘ Golden eyes’’ which is abundant wherever plant-lice are to be had. It differs 
from the latter in its black eyes and mottled or spotted wings, besides other characters ; 
it also does not carry the wings so vertically but rather flat or at a smaller inclination. 
The larvae are beset with strong lateral processes carrying bunches of radiating spines ; 
the back of the larva is covered over with a heap of dry Aphids and Aphid wings that 
hides it as it moves forwards in a leech-like manner. The cocoon is also protected in 
a similar manner. It pupates for about ten or eleven days; the pupa (or nymph) 
after cutting out a circular lid in the spherical cocoon creeps out and either on the 
top of the cocoon or some distance from it moults for the last time to emerge as a 
delicate green insect with spotted gauzy wings. 
It appears that there is only one species of Chrysopa so far recorded from the 
plains of India, figured by Lefroy in Indian Insect Life, pp. 154—157. Wedo not even 
know its specific name and Lefroy mentions it as Chrysopa sp. 
The movements of the pupa before the final moult, which I have noticed even in 
this species, has apparently been overlooked at Pusa (Behar), where the life-history 
seems to have been studied and figured. 
For the sake of future reference and for want of a better name we have been 
calling it in Lahore ‘‘ The Punjab Spotted Chrysopa.’’ 
It has been figured among the insect enemies of Aphids. 
Systematic.—According to the majority of the earlier and some of the recent 
authorities, e.g Lichtenstein, Buckton, Ashmead, Gillette, the systematic position 
of this Aphid ought to be among the Lachninae. This sub-family of the Aphididae is 
| [In connection with our knowledge of the geographical distribution of Aphididae, it is perhaps in- 
teresting to know that Shivaphis celti has been collected in Ceylon (Peradenyia) by the late Mr. Ruther- 
ford. Es var. Gal: 
