258 Memoirs of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VI, 
countless young and adults sitting compacted together, all facing in one direction. 
Very frequently the insects wave their long hind legs in the air, either to ward off 
enemies or for the sake of pleasure as they do it even when there is nothing to fear. 
The discharge of honey-dew is very copious, drenching the lower leaves and branches 
and later congealing into solid sugar which does not crystallise. 
A very thorough account of its external anatomy, with fine illustrations, is 
published by Essig (1912) so that no further account is given here. 
The most outstanding features are its large size and grayish-brown colour, as 
shown in the figures; a prominent black dorsal tubercle situated between and a little 
in front of the equally conspicuous cornicles, and present in all stages of life ; rows of 
black spots on the back; hind legs and rostrum very long, the latter in newly born 
individuals reaching beyond the abdomen ; sensoria in one line on the antennae of the 
alate female ; wings large, hyaline and carried normally ; body and cornicles covered 
with fine eee cauda obsolete. 
In on, according to Essig, winged females are rare, kt this is not so 
in Lahore; the vast majority of them in February are alate, while very few are 
apterous. It is also said to be free from the attacks of predaceous insects in other 
countries, but this is not true in the Punjab. Several Coccinellids and the larger 
Syrphid larvae attack it, but not so much as other species of Aphids. 
The earliest date for its appearance in Lahore is late in December or in January. 
Only apterous females are found then; about the last week of February all forms are 
abundant in the botanical gardens outside the city as well as on willows near the 
Ravi. 
No appreciable injury is inflicted on the larger trees. The pest therefore has little 
or no economic importance in the West, but in Lahore it also occasionally attacks 
the delicate Salix aegyptica, the scent willow, vernacular ‘‘ bed-mushk,’’ which is 
cultivated for the sake of its male catkins. From these are extracted a ‘‘ bed water’’ 
(arg bed-mushk\ and a ‘‘ bed essence ’’ (ruh bed-mushk), both of which are officinal in 
the Indian systems of medicine and very much in demand during the summer. The 
nature of the attack on these male plants (females are not known) seems never to 
have been very serious so far, but it might just as well be considered as a possible 
source of danger, hence the economic value of this otherwise more or less harmless 
Aphid. 
In earlier literature the Aphid has been referred to the genus Lachnus, but, in view 
of the presence of dorsal and lateral tubercles coupled with slight differences in wing 
venation, Mordwilko (1909) has separated it into his new genus Tuberolachnus. This 
procedure has been justified by Wilson (1911) on the grounds of priority as well. 
In 1891, from the Indian Museum, Calcutta, some Aphid material in alcohol was 
forwarded to Buckton with the information that the insect ‘‘ infested peaches and 
apricots in Quetta (Baluchistan) and caused their bleeding.’’ Considering it to be a 
distinct species and naming it Lach. fuliginosus, Buckton published a very poor des- 
cription with worthless plates in Ind. Mus. Notes, II, no.1, p.40. The chief point of 
difference that he notices is in the form of the pupae-of his new species from that of 
